How do you optimize memory usage in an embedded system? #embeddedsystemstutorials

How do you optimize memory usage in an embedded system? #embeddedsystemstutorials

To optimize memory usage in embedded systems:
1. Code Optimization: Use smaller data types (uint8_t vs. uint32_t), minimize stack usage, prefer fixed-point over floating-point, and optimize loops.
2. Data Storage: Store constants in Flash (const or PROGMEM), reduce global/static variables, and use bit-fields for boolean flags.
3. Dynamic Memory: Avoid malloc/free to prevent fragmentation; use static allocation or memory pools.
4. Efficient Data Structures: Use unions, replace linked lists with arrays, and apply simple compression when needed.
5. Compiler Optimization: Enable -Os (size optimization), remove unused code (gc-sections), and inline selectively.
6. Optimize Buffers: Right-size communication buffers, and use DMA to reduce RAM overhead.
7. Power & Memory Management: Disable unused peripherals and use low-power RAM retention.

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