Kuhn’s Paradigm:Phases of Science-Pre-Paradigmatic Phase,Normal Science,Crisis,Scientific Revolution

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Phase 2: Normal Science(most common – science is usually stable)
A paradigm is established which lays the foundations for legitimate work within the discipline. Scientific work then consists in articulation of the paradigm, in solving puzzles that it throws up.
A paradigm is a conventional basis for research; it sets a precedent.
Puzzles that resist solutions are seen as anomalies.
Anomalies are tolerated and do not cause the rejection of the theory, as scientists are confident these anomalies can be explained over time.
It is necessary for normal science to be uncritical. If all scientists were critical of a theory and spent time trying to falsify it, no detailed work would ever get done.

Phase 3: Crisis
This is where the paradigm shift occurs.
Anomalies become serious, and a crisis develops if the anomalies undermine the basic assumptions of the paradigm and attempts to remove them consistently fail.
Under these circumstances the rules for the application of the paradigm become relaxed. Ideas that challenge the existing paradigm are developed.
In crisis there will be ‘extraordinary science’ where there will be several competing theories.
If the anomalies can be resolved, the crisis is over and normal science resumes. If not, there is a scientific revolution which involves a change of paradigm.

Chapters:
0:00 Kuhn’s Paradigm Phases of Science
0:46 Paradigm
1:58 Four Phases
2:18 Pre-Paradigmatic Phase
4:18 Normal Science
5:37 Crisis
6:38 Scientific Revolution
7:15 Anamoly
9:52 Paradigm Shift
#kuhnsparadigmphasesofscience #paradigm #fourphases #preparadigmaticphase #normalscience #crisis #scientificrevolution #anamoly #paradigmshift #examrace #examrace #upsc #ugcnet

[tluangachhangte]

best simplified explanation i've heard so far. Great work mam, thankyou.

[fawad]

Thanks madam!
Well explanation in simple words. I was not able to understand my text book but you did it in simplest words.
More power to you ❤️

[toseefhussain]

I am so excited that I got lecture before exam .... Thanku so much ma'am 🤗

[priyao]

Thankyou madam for your simple and lucid presentation

[jimmyfaulkner]

Great video. What are your thoughts on Kuhn’s statement that “it is precisely the abandonment of critical discourse that marks the transition to a science.” Do you think Kuhn was correct in his view on this? Are there examples from the history of science and the philosophy of science that can show whether this is true or not?

[whatsuprashi]

Mam very nice explanation 👍🏻👍🏻
Mam pls make all subjects of class 10th as I am promoted to class Xth and I need all science, sst chapters🙏🏻☺️