What are Functional Groups? | Biology | Biochemistry

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In biological molecules, the carbon skeleton determines their general 3D shape. But what’s on the surface of the molecules determines their chemical behavior. Small chemical species, hanging off the exterior of these molecules, bump into each other and react. These are known as FUNCTIONAL GROUPS.

To understand what kinds of chemical reactions biological molecules can do, you have to understand the chemical behavior of the functional groups on the surface of the molecule.

In this video we’ll look at the following functional groups (click on the time stamp to jump to that part of the video):
1:29 Hydroxyl Group -OH
2:02 Carbonyl Group =CO (aldehydes and ketones)
2:37 Carboxyl Group -COOH
3:00 Amine Group -NH2
3:18 Phosphate Group PO4 3-
4:08 Sulfhydryl Group -SH
4:31 Methyl Group -CH3

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Our series on Biology is aimed at the first-year college level, including pre-med students. These videos should also be helpful for students in challenging high school biology courses. Perfect for preparing for the AP Biology exam or the Biology SAT. Also appropriate for advanced homeschoolers. You can also follow along if you are just curious, and would like to know more about this fascinating subject.

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Our current biology textbook recommendation is Campbell Biology from Pearson.

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For lighter reading, we recommend:
I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life by Ed Yong

Lab Girl by Hope Jahren

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Directed by Michael Harrison
Written and Produced by Kimberly Hatch Harrison

About our instructor:
Kimberly Hatch Harrison received degrees in Biology and English Literature from Caltech before working in pharmaceuticals research, developing drugs for autoimmune disorders. She then continued her studies in Molecular Biology (focusing on Immunology and Neurobiology) at Princeton University, where she began teaching as a graduate student. Her success in teaching convinced her to leave the glamorous world of biology research and turn to teaching full-time, accepting a position at an exclusive prep school, where she taught biology and chemistry for eight years. She is now the head writer and producer of Socratica Studios.

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Click on Bonus Features to get a free set of notes on this topic. 💜🦉

Socratica
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Really like how you talk and explain, in such a soft, majestic, clear way... : )

zuhairreza
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I love that you’ve just explained something that I’ve been struggling with in an easy to understand way, this will really help me with my 1st year biochemistry exam on Wednesday! I can not wait to show the guys... you’re an actual life saver... keep making videos, i am you’re biggest fan! Thank you again

victoriacollinson
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I must say, they way you explain in addition to the music in the back, psychologically made an impact. Biology was definitely my weakness, however, your videos definitely helped. *using headphones helps retain information, IMO*

jessicajackson
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amazing video, really need more, please make more video on biomolecules, and polymers.

someshswaraj
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This is the most zen informative video I have ever encountered..wow, I actually don’t feel stressed during studying for once lol

fluffandstuff
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I had forgotten what would be a functional group... thank you socratica for remember me one more time, keep it up!

felipesdam
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This video was extremely helpful! Will definitely refer back to this when studying for my exam. Thank you.

leahvaletutti
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expecting more basic Biochemistry related videos in future.
thank you.
Great video

rafiqmalik
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Beautiful videos. Relaxing and informative, thank you

mimm
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Thank you for this video! Your channel is great. I`m already hyped for your next video. Could you do something about RNA and DNA? I would also like every other video you do on biochemistry.

inkognitonoori
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Wow such a great and informatival video. The speed you go to explain things, the tone of your voice, the visuals are all so helpful. Thank you for this video! Definitely will come back to watch other videos. Thank you 🙏

jessicag
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What a wonderful video Kimberly and certainly love the topic! Your presentation style, articulation and analogies are simply amazing and captivate the audience! Many Kudos for your time and effort in producing these excellent educational videos at Socratica Studios! :-)

tracykarinp
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THANK U SOOOO MUCHHH I UNDERSTOOD THIS I HAVE A TEST THIS FRIDAY LOL TY

pareiei
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this is reaallly great mentorship for me. I plan on becoming a patreon as soon as i can. BTW I live in los angeles california is there any way I can meet you guys? would really make my day

IAMQUIK
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Great.pls upload more in short intervals

manjeet
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I didn't really understand how the hydroxyl linked the two sugars together. The diagram showed them linked by a C, not a CH. Maybe it's just the notation I don't quite understand.

thegoodlydragon
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Por favor Socrática, postem vídeos com legendas em português. :)

joaquimmoore
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I think I would've been able to pass orgo if I just knew how to put it together 🌚

Jennifercita
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Please don't show males (they're obviously not in this video! :) ) on this channel. Great work, thank you!

michaelletho