How climate change and global warming can cause colder winters

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Climate change and global warming cause extreme temperature fluctuations, these are causing unusually cold winters in some regions in the US.

The terms "weather" and "climate" are not interchangeable. Weather is the daily variations in temperature, precipitation, wind and other variables. According to the NOAA, climate is the average weather conditions of an area over at least a 30-year period."

Global warming is the gradual increase of the Earth's average temperature. The sudden rise in temperature in recent years is primarily attributed to the increasing presence of greenhouse gases caused by human activity.

Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns in Earth over an extended period of time. The changes are natural, however, activities including fossil fuel combustion, land use, deforestation, and agriculture magnify these changes.

Research published in Nature Communications states that the record-breaking cold and polar vortex disruptions are caused by Arctic warming.

Fast flowing air currents in the Earth's northern hemisphere called jet streams are responsible for weather fluctuations around the globe. They blow from east-to-west and are pushed by the difference in temperature between Arctic and tropical air. This causes places located to the south of the Arctic to experience colder winters.

RUNDOWN SHOWS:
1. Difference between weather and climate
2. Explanation of global warming
3. Explanation of climate change
4. Arctic warming intensified causing polar vortex fluctuations
5. Jetstreams in the Earth's northern hemisphere
6. Direction of jetstreams
7. Jetstream fluctuations

VOICEOVER (in English):
"The terms "weather" and "climate" are not interchangeable. Weather refers to daily variations in temperature, precipitation, wind etc."

"And, according to the NOAA, climate is the average weather conditions of an area over at least a 30-year period."

"Global warming refers to the gradual increase of the Earth's average temperature. The sudden rise in temperature in recent years is primarily attributed to the increasing presence of greenhouse gases caused by human activity."

"These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone."

"Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns in Earth over an extended period of time."

"These changes are natural, however, activities including fossil fuel combustion, land use, deforestation, and agriculture magnify these changes."

"A research published in 2018 in Nature Communications explained that the record-breaking cold weather and polar vortex disruptions are caused by Arctic warming."

"Fast flowing air currents located in the Earth's northern hemisphere called jet streams are responsible for weather fluctuations around the globe."

"These winds move from east-to-west and are pushed by the difference between Arctic and tropical air."

"Higher temperatures in the Arctic make the jetstream move further south. This fluctuation causes places located to the South of the Arctic to experience colder winters."

SOURCES:
National Geographic, Rutgers Today, Nature, Scientific American,Science Advances
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