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Skunk Works: Beyond the Blackbird and Extreme Engineering. The Story of Lockheed's Secretive Company
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Skunk Works: Beyond the Blackbird and Extreme Engineering.
Skunks Works is the Company that Gave Us The F-104 Starfighter, SR-71 Blackbird, The U-2 Dragonlady, the P-80 Shooting Star, the F-22 Raptor, and many other fantastic Aircraft. Learn about Kelly Johnson, Ben Rich, and witnesses of the birth of the California company.
The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer. Founded in 1926, it merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form Lockheed Martin. Its founder, Allan Lockheed, had founded the similarly named but otherwise unrelated Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company, which operated from 1912 to 1920.
Allan Loughead and his brother Malcolm Loughead operated an earlier aircraft company, Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company, from 1912 to 1920. The company built and operated aircraft for paying passengers on sightseeing tours in California and developed a prototype for the civil market. However, it folded in 1920 due to the flood of surplus aircraft deflating the market after World War I. Allan entered the real estate market, while Malcolm formed a successful company marketing brake systems for automobiles.
On December 13, 1926, Allan Lockheed, John Northrop, Kenneth Kay, and Fred Keeler secured funding to form the Lockheed Aircraft Company in Hollywood (spelled phonetically to prevent mispronunciation). This new company utilized some of the same technology originally developed for the Model S-1 to design the Vega Model. In March 1928, the company relocated to Burbank, California, and by year's end, reported sales exceeding one million dollars. From 1926 to 1928, the company produced over 80 aircraft and employed more than 300 workers who, by April 1929, were building five aircraft per week. In July 1929, majority shareholder Fred Keeler sold 87% of the Lockheed Aircraft Company to Detroit Aircraft Corporation. In August 1929, Allan Loughead resigned.
The Great Depression ruined the aircraft market, and Detroit Aircraft went bankrupt. A group of investors headed by brothers Robert and Courtland Gross and Walter Varney bought the company out of receivership in 1932. The syndicate bought the company for a mere $40,000 ($660,000 in 2011). Ironically, Allan Loughead had planned to bid for his own company but had raised only $50,000 ($824,000), which he felt was too small for a serious bid.
In 1934, Robert E. Gross was named chairman of the new company, the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, headquartered at the airport in Burbank, California. His brother Courtlandt S. Gross was a co-founder and executive who succeeded Robert as chairman after he died in 1961. The company was renamed the Lockheed Corporation in 1977.
The first successful construction that was built in any number (141 aircraft) was the Vega, first built in 1927, best known for its several first- and record-setting flights by, among others, Amelia Earhart, Wiley Post, and George Hubert Wilkins. In the 1930s, Lockheed spent $139,400 ($2.29 million) to develop the Model 10 Electra, a small twin-engined transport. The company sold 40 in the first year of production. Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, flew it in their failed attempt to circumnavigate the world in 1937. Subsequent designs, the Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior and the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, expanded their market.
SR-71 Blackbird General characteristics:
Crew: 2; Pilot and reconnaissance systems officer (RSO)
Length: 107 ft 5 in (32.74 m)
Wingspan: 55 ft 7 in (16.94 m)
Height: 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m)
Wheel track: 16 ft 8 in (5 m)
Wheelbase: 37 ft 10 in (12 m)
Wing area: 1,800 sq ft (170 m2)
Aspect ratio: 1.7
Empty weight: 67,500 lb (30,617 kg)
Gross weight: 152,000 lb (68,946 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 172,000 lb (78,018 kg)
Fuel capacity: 12,219.2 US gal (10,174.6 imp gal; 46,255 l) in 6 tank groups (9 tanks)
Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20J or JT11D-20K) afterburning turbojets, 25,000 lbf (110 kN) thrust each
JT11D-20J 32,500 lbf (144.57 kN) wet (fixed inlet guidevanes)
JT11D-20K 34,000 lbf (151.24 kN) wet (2-position inlet guidevanes)
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,910 kn (2,200 mph, 3,540 km/h) at 80,000 ft (24,000 m)
Maximum speed: Mach 3.32[N 5]
Ferry range: 2,824 nmi (3,250 mi, 5,230 km)
Service ceiling: 85,000 ft (26,000 m)
Rate of climb: 11,820 ft/min (60.0 m/s)
Wing loading: 84 lb/sq ft (410 kg/m2)
Thrust/weight: 0.44
Avionics
3,500 lb (1,588 kg) of mission equipment
#Lockheed #skunkworks #aircraft
Skunks Works is the Company that Gave Us The F-104 Starfighter, SR-71 Blackbird, The U-2 Dragonlady, the P-80 Shooting Star, the F-22 Raptor, and many other fantastic Aircraft. Learn about Kelly Johnson, Ben Rich, and witnesses of the birth of the California company.
The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer. Founded in 1926, it merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form Lockheed Martin. Its founder, Allan Lockheed, had founded the similarly named but otherwise unrelated Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company, which operated from 1912 to 1920.
Allan Loughead and his brother Malcolm Loughead operated an earlier aircraft company, Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company, from 1912 to 1920. The company built and operated aircraft for paying passengers on sightseeing tours in California and developed a prototype for the civil market. However, it folded in 1920 due to the flood of surplus aircraft deflating the market after World War I. Allan entered the real estate market, while Malcolm formed a successful company marketing brake systems for automobiles.
On December 13, 1926, Allan Lockheed, John Northrop, Kenneth Kay, and Fred Keeler secured funding to form the Lockheed Aircraft Company in Hollywood (spelled phonetically to prevent mispronunciation). This new company utilized some of the same technology originally developed for the Model S-1 to design the Vega Model. In March 1928, the company relocated to Burbank, California, and by year's end, reported sales exceeding one million dollars. From 1926 to 1928, the company produced over 80 aircraft and employed more than 300 workers who, by April 1929, were building five aircraft per week. In July 1929, majority shareholder Fred Keeler sold 87% of the Lockheed Aircraft Company to Detroit Aircraft Corporation. In August 1929, Allan Loughead resigned.
The Great Depression ruined the aircraft market, and Detroit Aircraft went bankrupt. A group of investors headed by brothers Robert and Courtland Gross and Walter Varney bought the company out of receivership in 1932. The syndicate bought the company for a mere $40,000 ($660,000 in 2011). Ironically, Allan Loughead had planned to bid for his own company but had raised only $50,000 ($824,000), which he felt was too small for a serious bid.
In 1934, Robert E. Gross was named chairman of the new company, the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, headquartered at the airport in Burbank, California. His brother Courtlandt S. Gross was a co-founder and executive who succeeded Robert as chairman after he died in 1961. The company was renamed the Lockheed Corporation in 1977.
The first successful construction that was built in any number (141 aircraft) was the Vega, first built in 1927, best known for its several first- and record-setting flights by, among others, Amelia Earhart, Wiley Post, and George Hubert Wilkins. In the 1930s, Lockheed spent $139,400 ($2.29 million) to develop the Model 10 Electra, a small twin-engined transport. The company sold 40 in the first year of production. Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, flew it in their failed attempt to circumnavigate the world in 1937. Subsequent designs, the Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior and the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, expanded their market.
SR-71 Blackbird General characteristics:
Crew: 2; Pilot and reconnaissance systems officer (RSO)
Length: 107 ft 5 in (32.74 m)
Wingspan: 55 ft 7 in (16.94 m)
Height: 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m)
Wheel track: 16 ft 8 in (5 m)
Wheelbase: 37 ft 10 in (12 m)
Wing area: 1,800 sq ft (170 m2)
Aspect ratio: 1.7
Empty weight: 67,500 lb (30,617 kg)
Gross weight: 152,000 lb (68,946 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 172,000 lb (78,018 kg)
Fuel capacity: 12,219.2 US gal (10,174.6 imp gal; 46,255 l) in 6 tank groups (9 tanks)
Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20J or JT11D-20K) afterburning turbojets, 25,000 lbf (110 kN) thrust each
JT11D-20J 32,500 lbf (144.57 kN) wet (fixed inlet guidevanes)
JT11D-20K 34,000 lbf (151.24 kN) wet (2-position inlet guidevanes)
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,910 kn (2,200 mph, 3,540 km/h) at 80,000 ft (24,000 m)
Maximum speed: Mach 3.32[N 5]
Ferry range: 2,824 nmi (3,250 mi, 5,230 km)
Service ceiling: 85,000 ft (26,000 m)
Rate of climb: 11,820 ft/min (60.0 m/s)
Wing loading: 84 lb/sq ft (410 kg/m2)
Thrust/weight: 0.44
Avionics
3,500 lb (1,588 kg) of mission equipment
#Lockheed #skunkworks #aircraft
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