Crew Resource Management-Importance of Communication

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Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the effective use of all available resources that as People, Aircraft, Associated Equipment, and Procedures, to ensure safe and efficient conduct of operations.
Sending Barriers.
Poor choice of words
Assumptions,
Darkness.
Seat Position.
Listening Barrier.
Boredom
ComplacencyDark and Seat position.
Feedback
Important to both sender & receiver.
Unlooped communications can cause accidents/incidents.
Recognize your responsibility to give or receive feedback.
When in doubt – ASK. Not clarifying doubt by asking the concerned person has led to many accidents
Pilots do not ask questions and clarify the doubt due to:-
Hesitation.
Personal ego.
Fear of Being exposed.
What the other Pilot will think of him or her.
Fear of Exposure of their weakness.
Lack of Proficiency in English.
Pilots must never hesitate to ask questions and clarify doubt without any hesitation or fear.
Open Atmosphere
Allows free flow of communication.
Encourages input.
Contributes to the likelihood that all available information will be considered.
Lack of Attention and distractions can lead to loss of communication.
It is essential that the Pilots are attentive when interacting with ATC or other crew Members since the loss of communication due to distraction can seriously compromise safety.
Misinterpretation is a serious problem in communication.
Misinterpretation may take place when the recipient of the message derives the wrong meaning of the message which is different from what the sender wanted to convey.
POWER DISTANCE
Very large number of serious accidents have occurred due to large Power Distance.
Power Distance/Cockpit Gradient/Authority Gradient is the difference between the Power or Authority of Captain, Co-Pilot, and Cabin Crew due to differences in Age, Experience and Status.
More the difference in Age, Experience and Status, the More will be the Power Distance.
Power Distance takes away the ability of the Co-Pilot or Cabin Crew with less Power to speak up, give inputs and correct the Captain if the Captain is going wrong.
The Co-Pilot or the Cabin Crew is afraid of the Captain fearing that the Captain might shout ,get angry and may create Career related problems for them.
Most of the Co-Pilots have tremendous faith and respect in the ability of the Captain to fly the Aircraft/Helicopter safely, regardless of any kind of adverse situation because of which the Co-Pilot does not Correct the Captain even if he sees that the Captain is doing something wrong, thinking that the Captain knows better.
A large Number of the Captains are egoists and like to have a submissive Co-Pilot, a yes man, who does not correct or tell the Captain what to do.
Some Captains, out of arrogance and immaturity, ill-treat their Co-Pilots and are harsh with them in the Cockpit which discourages the Co-Pilot to Speak up.
All the Pilots need to be sensitive to the adverse impact of Power Distance on Safety and the Captain must treat their Co-Pilot with due dignity, make them feel like an important part of the Team, educate them, listen to and give value to their inputs and encourage them to correct the Captain if they see the Captain making mistakes or going wrong.
LANGUAGE BARRIER
In many countries, the lack of English proficiency among Pilots as well as Air Traffic Controllers has led to misunderstanding/ misinterpretation and consequently serious accidents.
In many countries, the lack of English proficiency among Pilots as well as Air Traffic Controllers has led to misunderstanding/ misinterpretation and consequently serious accidents.
LANGUAGE BARRIER
Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers should continue to enhance their Aviation Related knowledge of English and must adhere to the correct Aviation Terminology. .
ATC Read Back
Readbacks are very important because they confirm that the instructions given by the controller have been understood and will be complied with by the pilot.
Pilots must avoid the use of Roger and must properly read back ATC Clearances or Instructions.
MASKING
Masking occurs when speech is difficult to understand because of unwanted noise.
The cockpit of an aircraft particularly during takeoff and climb is quite noisy.
Similar Sounding Call signs
Similar sounding call signs have been responsible for some serious incidents.
Pilots must become alert if they hear similar sounding call signs.
Improving Crew Communication
The need to improve communication among all the Crew Members can not be overemphasised since poor communication has been responsible for many accidents.
It is the responsibility of the Captain to ensure good communication and interaction among all the Crew Members.
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