End of the silicon era. Processors of the future

The era of silicon chips is coming to an end. New processors come out hot, and everyone forgot about Moore's law. Will the development of electronics stop? What will be the processors of the future? Is there a replacement for silicon?

00:00 - The purest polysilicon
01:26 - Silicon limit
03:32 - What if not silicon?
08:50 - Rejection of CMOS
13:29 - Changing electrons to photons
14:53 - Quantum computer

#mycomputer #processor #silicon

[blinded]

Quantum computers are NOT a replacement for the classical computers, holy hell

[cursedgamer]

I love these dual language channels, I don't know Russian and would have never have been able to understand your phenomenal video otherwise. Thank you, truly.

[DunnickFayuro]

Very good content. I just find the desync between your video and sound a bit annoying.

[ajbowers]

So glad YouTube recommended this video. Nicely done, great balance of information and presentation without coming off overly optimistic or pessimistic.

[supriyochakrabortybme]

A very interesting compilation, the Youtube algorithm recommended this hidden gem.

[kevinmitchell]

You mentioned photonics use in communications but didn't mention photonics switching. They've been trying to make purely photonic chips for decades, and it's always just around the corner much like fusion. It's that research that led to photonics being integrated into silicon chips. It seems like that research was very close to yielding results but focus and funding got taken over by quantum computing. From all I've read purely photonic chips would run 100-1000 times faster than silicon at far lower power and heat. Hopefully as silicon reaches it's limitations there will be renewed funding and research for it.

[tony_T_]

Silicon photonics is what I have the most hope in for in the next couple of decades. Imo, transitioning from electricity to light is just the most logical step forward. It will set moores law back by quite a bit, but the insane clock rate of the processors will make up for it. Most modern keyboards already use light to transmit signals.

[yamatsukami]

also worth considering in the mean time, their are computers that can run on trits (-1, 0, 1) which requires some fundamental changes, but could theoretically be more effective. This could even be extended further though it gets less practical the more you add.

[mlytle]

Silicon carbide is used in power transitors, handles high temperatures and very high frequencies, well above silicon. It already has a supply chain, and looks like a candidate.

[josgraha]

oh boy, quantum computers are even further out than tfets, optical compute, or memristors and you still need a von-neuman silicon computer to work with it. thanks so much for the great video, fantastic questions and background material. much appreciated

[DuckyThePilot]

your audio isnt lined up with the video.

[tombouie]

Well-Done, summary:
SILICON: Above vs below a 5nm gate width silicon is discrete on eor off vs statisticial on&off (aka tunnel field effect)
GERMANIUM: Germanium Has much better lab performance but silicon is extraordinarily more pragmatic/practical (availability/cost, heat dissipation/tolerance, oxidation, freq band, etc). However germanium might be modified to improve its characteristics (ex: Molybdenite in development, lab germanane, etc).
CARBON nano-tubes (in development): Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A carbon nano-tube is a tube of graphene
GALLIUM NITRIDE: has some better performance than silicon & can be manufactured with silicon based equipment/industry
Better CMOS: design based on statisticial on&off (aka tunnel field effect) instead of discrete on eor off to lower power/heat. Only work for graphene & at super low temps.
MEMRISTOR: A memristor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in a circuit and remembers the amount of charge that has previously flowed through it. Memristors are important because they are non-volatile, meaning that they retain memory without power.
OPTICAL COMPUTING:
QUANTUM COMPUTING: In theory quantum computing can find least-worst solutions to problems no-matter the number of potential candidates (ex: NP problems like the traveling salement, decryption/password breaking, etc)

[RWBHere]

4:56 Not quite true. I have some Germanium transistors here which were used at 10.7 MHz, and some other low power ones which were used at over 100 MHz. They were expensive, but very capable at low currents. Bipolar Silicon transistors have been made which would amplify at frequencies close to 20GHz (I made some of them, back in the 1980's.) For higher frequencies, JFET, then MOSFET, IGFET and other types are needed. But yes; Germanium transistors are definitely very limited at higher frequencies, in comparison to Silicon devices. Leakage currents are very problematic, and they lead to high noise levels. It would still be interesting to know how a Germanium MOSFET would perform at somewhat higher frequencies, however.

[thenoobgamer]

This video is more informativ than I thought. I love the web for channels like this.

[thebogsofmordor]

Ayyy I am your 1000th subscriber! Great video

[qmster]

Dear Ivan. At 9:05, there's one frame where the cmos construction steps are shrinking, and the diagram there is not translated from Russian.
Please enjoy it!

[luketurnbull]

I just saw this is a dub channel of another. I didn’t know I was looking for content like this and I love it. I’ve only seen dub channels go to other languages from English so it’s really cool to see that it actually does work!

[lamebubblesflysohigh]

The biggest problem with Quantum computer is the lack of software. Writing code for them is so complicated it practically eliminates 99% if not more people who currently make their living by writing code. That means less developers and thus less development. Unless coding will become heavily AI assisted.

[pneumantic]

I don't see quantum processors replacing processors but if they become cheap enough I can definitely see them becoming a new component of the computer. If they do replace anything it will probably be graphics cards. All in all, we probably won't see quantum computers hit mass market until probably decades. What is more likely to happen than most theories is the integration of supercomputers, powered by more rare metals, that use the internet to give you your computer as a service rather than owning a computer. The system we have will be a lot more stupid and only decode the sent information.

[ryox]

What I like about quantum computing is it could eventually be used to work the problems we face much faster, like disease cures, and silicon limitations.