The Sound of the Hittite language (Vocabulary & Sample Texts)

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Hittite (Nešili)
Region: Anatolia
Era: attested 16th to 13th centuries BCE
Language family: Indo-European (Anatolian)
Writing system: Hittite cuneiform

also known as Nesite and Neshite, was an Indo-European language that was spoken by the Hittites, a people of Bronze Age Anatolia who created an empire, centred on Hattusa, as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. The language, now long extinct, is attested in cuneiform, in records dating from the 16th (Anitta text) to the 13th centuries BCE, with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing in an Old Assyrian context from as early as the 20th century BCE.

By the Late Bronze Age, Hittite had started losing ground to its close relative Luwian. It appears that in the 13th century BCE, Luwian was the most-widely spoken language in the Hittite capital, Hattusa. After the collapse of the Hittite Empire during the more general Late Bronze Age collapse, Luwian emerged in the Early Iron Age as the main language of the so-called Syro-Hittite states, in southwestern Anatolia and northern Syria.

Hittite is the earliest-attested of the Indo-European languages and is the best-known of the Anatolian languages.
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Nepis (hittite) = nebula (Latin) = nephos (ancient Greek) = nebo (Russian) = neamh (Irish) = nem (Welsh) = nabhas (sanskrit) = nebel (German) = nevel (dutch) = nifol (old English)

Meaning = sky/heaven/fog/mist, same context

vasylyna
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I would’ve loved to see the face of the first linguist to decode this language and slowly realize that they’ve just found the earliest recorded indo-European language.

Glassandcandy
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Some more or less obvious correspondences between Polish and Hittite:
-aliyana - jeleń (deer)
-dalugāsti - długość (length)
-dalugaes - długi (long)/daleki (far)
-ēsmi - jestem (I am)
-et - jeść (to eat)
-gimm - zima (winter)
-gurtān - gród (archaic for fortified town)
-hulana - wełna (wool)
-nēpis - niebo (sky)
-supp- - spać (to sleep)
-wātar - woda (water)

And there's quite a lot of similarities to other indo-european lamguages, to Latin in particular. You can clearly see that this was an indo-european language and that back then they've been much closer to one another

mist
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I love that some of the words are barely recognizable to me as Indo-European, but then we have "watar" for water and "pesn" which can mean person. Absolutely fascinating!

relaxedsounds
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dalugaes - dolikos (greek) / daleko (serbian)
esmi - esmu (latvian)
gurtan - grad (slavic languages) / gart (German)

jingjong
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Hittite people lived in Anatolia and they were neighbors with ancient Iranians.
I wrote similarities and origins of 30 Hittite words in Iranian languages and other languages.

1. Esmi / I am
🇮🇷Avesta: Azam
🇮🇷Kurdish: Azm
🇮🇷Persian:هستم،استم | Hastam/Astam
🇧🇬Bulgarian: Аз съм (Az sum)
🇱🇻Latvian: Esmu
🇱🇹Lithuanian: Aš esm

2. Estzi / It is
🇮🇷Avesta: Asti
🇩🇪German: Es ist
🇵🇱Polish: To jest

3. Essi / You are(single)
🇮🇷Persian: هستی،استی | Hasti/Asti
🇱🇻Latvian: Esi
🇱🇹Lithuanian: Esi
🇷🇴Romaian: Esti
🇮🇹Italian: Sei
🇬🇷Greek: είσαι (eísai)

4.Êsten / You are (plural)
🇮🇷Peraian: هستین،هستید،استید | Hastin / Hastid, Astid

5. Kinun / Now
🇮🇷Persian: اکنون / کنون |Aknun / Konun
🇮🇷Middle Persian: Ak-nun
🇮🇷Kurdish: Nkâ
🇮🇷Avesta: Nu
🇮🇳Sanskrit: Nu
🇱🇹Lithuanian: Nù
🇩🇪German: Nu, Nun
🇮🇹Latin: Nunc, Num
🇦🇱Albanian: Ni
🇳🇱Dutch: Nu, Nou

6. Sumēs / You(plural)
🇮🇷Middle Persian: ašmâh
🇮🇷Persian: شما | šoma
🇦🇫Persian(Dari): شما | šuma
🇹🇯Persian(Tajik): šuma
🇮🇷Kurdish: ŝma
🇮🇷Talysh: šma
🇮🇷Tat: išmu
🇮🇷Ossetian: шымах (šuma)

7. Lâman / Name
🇮🇷Avesta: Nâman
🇮🇷Sanskrit: Nâman
🇮🇷Persian: نام | Nâm
🇮🇷Middle Persian: Nâm
🇮🇷Parthian: Nâm
🇮🇷Kurdish: Nâw, Nâv
🇮🇷Hawrami: نامه | Nâma
🇮🇷Dmlki: Nâma
🇮🇷Talysh: Nom
🇹🇯Sogdian: Nm
🇵🇰Punjabi: Nm
🇮🇳Hindi: Nâm
🇮🇹Latin: Nōmen
🇬🇷Greek: Onoma
🇩🇪German: Name
🇬🇧English: Name
🇩🇰Danish: Navn
🇪🇪Estonian: Nimi
🇫🇮Finnish: Nimi
🇸🇪Swedish: Namn
🇿🇦Afrikaans: Naam
🇷🇴Romanian: Nume

8. Nâtta / Not
🇮🇷Old Persian: Nai
🇷🇺Russian: нет, не(net, ne)
🇬🇧English: Not
🇩🇪Gernam: Nicht, Nein
🇮🇷Persian: نـَ، نـِ، نیـ | Na, Ne, Ni
🇮🇷Kurdish: Na, N, Ni
🇮🇷Ossetian: Ne
🇵🇰Punjabi: Ni

9. Nêpis / Sky, Heaven
🇷🇺Russian: небо (nebo)
🇵🇱Polish: Niebo
🇨🇿Czech: Nebe
🇧🇾Belarusian: неба (Neba)
🇧🇬Bulgarian: небе (nebe)
🇧🇦Bosnian: Nebo

10. Parkuis / Pure, Clean
🇮🇷Persian: پاک، پاکیزه | pâk, pâkize
🇮🇷Middle Persian: pâk
🇮🇷Parthian: pewâg
🇮🇷Kurdish: pâk, pâqž
🇮🇳Sanskrit: paveka
🇬🇷Greek: παστρικός (pâstikos)
🇮🇹Latin: purus, putus
🇮🇹Italian: pulito
🇫🇷French: pur, propre
🇬🇧English: pure
🇦🇱Albanian: pastër
🇫🇮Finnish: puhdas

11. Pai / To Walk
🇮🇷Persian: -پیمودن، پیما | peyma-, peymudan

12. Pata / Foot
🇮🇷Avesta: pâda
🇮🇷Old Persian: pâda
🇮🇷Persian: پا، پای | pâ / pây
🇮🇷Kurdish: pî, pê, pâ
🇮🇳Sanskrit: pâda
🇮🇷Balochi: پاد | pâd
🇮🇷Ossetian: fad
🇮🇷Dmlki: pây
🇵🇰Punjabi: pd
🇬🇷Greek: pod, podos
🇮🇹Latin: ped, pedis
🇩🇪German: Fuß
🇬🇧English: foot

13. Pesn/ Man, Male, Person
🇮🇷Persian: پسر | Pesar [boy]
🇬🇧English: person
🇮🇹Italian: persona
🇷🇴Romanian: persoană

14. Sîúus / God
🇬🇷Ancient Greek: Zεύς (Zeus) [God]
🇮🇹Latin: Deus [God]
🇦🇹Latvian: Dives [God]
🇬🇧Old English: Tīw [God]
🇬🇧English: Tuesday [God's day]
🇮🇳Sanskrit: Devâ [God]
🇮🇷Old Persian: dayva [devil]
🇮🇷Avesta: da'êva, da'êwa [devil]
🇮🇷Persian: دیو | div [devil]
🇮🇷Middle Persian: dêv [devil]
🇮🇷Kurdish: dêw [devil]
🇦🇫Pashtun: دیو | dêw [devil]
🇮🇷Balochi: دیو | dêw [devil]
🇷🇺Russian: диво [wonder]
🇺🇦Ukrainian: диво [miracle]
🇷🇸Serbian: див [devil]
🇭🇷Croatian: div [devil]

15. sarâ / upwards
🇮🇷Avesta: sâra, sara
🇮🇷Old Persian: θara
🇮🇷Parthian: sar
🇮🇷Middle Persian: sar
🇮🇷Persian: سر | sar
🇮🇷Ossetian: sar

16. Tāru / Tree
🇮🇷Avesta: dâuru
🇮🇷Old Persian: dâruv
🇮🇷Middle Persian: dâr
🇮🇷Persian: دار | dâr
🇮🇷Kurdish: dâr
🇮🇳Sanskrit: Dâru
🇷🇺Russian: дерево (derevo)
🇬🇷Ancient Greek: δόρυ, δρυς (dory, drys)

17. Tuk / You(single)
🇮🇷Avesta: tuuēm
🇮🇷Old Persian: tuvam
🇮🇳Sanskrit: tvam
🇮🇹Latin: tu
🇮🇷Persian: تو | to
🇮🇷Kurdish: to, tu, ti, t
🇵🇰Urdu: تو | tu
🇷🇺Russian ты (ty)
🇩🇪German: du
🇭🇺Hungarian: te
🇫🇮Finnish: te
🇮🇹Italian: tu
🇬🇧English: thou
🇷🇴Romanian: tu

18. Gimm / Winter
🇮🇷Avesta: zimô
🇮🇷Middle Persian: zam [cold], zamstan [winter]
🇮🇷Persian: زم، زمستان | zem [cold], zemestan [winter]
🇮🇷Ossetian: zimâg
🇮🇷Kurdish: zvstân, žvstân, zstân, zmsân, zmstân
🇮🇳Sanskrit: himā
🇬🇷Greek: χειμών (čeimôn)
🇮🇹Latin: heims
🇱🇹Lithuanian: žiema
🇷🇺Russian: зима (zima)
🇧🇦Bosnian: zima
🇵🇱Polish: zima

19. Wâtar / Water
🇬🇧Old English: wæter
🇬🇧English: water
🇸🇪Swedish: vatten
🇷🇺Russian: вода (voda)
🇵🇱Polish: woda
🇮🇸Icelandic: vatn

20. Annâs / Mother
🇹🇷Turkish: anne, ana
🇦🇿Azarnaijani: ana
🇭🇺Hungarian: ayna

21. Attas / Father
🇷🇺Russian: отец (otec)
🇵🇱Polish: ojciec
🇨🇿Czech: otec
🇪🇺Basque: aita
🇹🇷Turkish: ata
🇦🇿Azarbaijani: ata
🇮🇷Hawrami: tâta
🇪🇺Breton: tad

22. Dankui / Dark
🇩🇪German: Dunkel
🇳🇱Dutch: donker
🇿🇦Afrikaans: donker
🇬🇧English: dark
🇮🇷Avesta: taθra
🇮🇷Parthian: Târîg
🇮🇷Persian: تاریک | târik
🇮🇷Kurdish: tarî, tarîk

23. Dalugaes / Long
🇮🇷Avesta: dariga
🇮🇷Old Persian: dargam
🇮🇷Persian: دراز | derâz
🇮🇷Kurdish: drêž, darg
🇮🇷Ossetian: darg
🇮🇳Sanskrit: dirgheh
🇬🇷Greek: dolixos
🇮🇹Latin: longus

24. Kuis / Who
🇮🇷Persian: که، کی | ke, ki
🇮🇷Kurdish: kî, kê
🇮🇹Latin: qui
🇵🇹Portuguese: que
🇭🇺Hungarian: ki
🇷🇺Russian: (kto)
🇹🇷Turkish: kim
🇦🇿Azerbaijani: kim

25. Alpa / Cloud
🇮🇷Avesta: abra
🇮🇷Old Persian: apra
🇮🇷Middle Persian: awr, abr
🇮🇷Persian: ابر | abr
🇹🇯Sogdian: parybk
🇮🇷Kurdish: awr, hawr
🇮🇷Ossetian: arv
🇮🇳Sanskrit: abhra
🇦🇲Armenian: amp
🇬🇷Greek: ómbros [rain]
🇮🇹Latin: imber [rain]

26. Hūmant / All
🇮🇷Middle Persian: hamag
🇮🇷Persian: همه | hame, hama
🇮🇷Kurdish: hamû

27. Himma / Imitation
🇮🇷Persian: ایما | Imâ

28. Haster / Star
🇮🇷Middle Persian: stârak
🇮🇷Persian: ستاره | setâre
🇮🇷Kurdish: hastêrk, hastêra, astêra

29. Hastai / Bone
🇮🇷Avesta: ast
🇮🇷Old Persian: astuxân
🇮🇷Persian: استخوان | ostoxân
🇮🇷Kurdish: hastî
🇬🇷Greek: osteon
🇮🇹Latin: os, ossis
🇮🇹Italian: osso
🇪🇸Spanish: hueso

30. Kuen / to Kill
🇮🇷Persian: کشتن | koštan, kuštan
🇮🇷Kurdish: kuštn

Verb: kuen= ku+ -en
end of the verbs in some languages

🌍Hittite: -en
🇩🇪German: -en
🇮🇷Kurdish: -n, -ân, -în
🇮🇷Persian: -an, -en(some accents)

They can be Arian or a different branch of Indo-European people and they could be mixed with other native people of the lands of Mediterranean Sea.

mrrobot
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"Ninda an ezzateni watar ma ekutteni" : you will eat the bread, drink the water. This is the first sentence that was translated from Hittite language.

ezekiel
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Similarities with Armenian
Esmi (Hit) - Es em (Arm) same meaning
Huis (Hit) (to live)- Huys (Arm) - means Hope
Ka (Hit) here, this- ka (Arm) meaning (there is, there are)
Kuis (Hit) (who, what) - kuys (Arm) meaning Virgin
Tuk (Hit) - Duq (Arm) same meaning

A....-
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This language is very interesting, it's so sad to know that Anatolian and Tocharian languages are all gone since centuries ago and that some languages from families like Celtic, Iranian, Paleo-Balkan, Baltic, etc... are also gone since long time ago

pasok
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Some other similarities with the same meaning:
et = edo (Latin)
ekku = equus (Latin)
kardi = καρδία / kardìa (ancient Greek)
katta = κατά / katà (ancient Greek)

alessandroagnitti
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Wow!! 46K views and 300 comments on spoken HITTITE!! The world is not LOST!! Respect to the channel and the viewers who think that this stuff is interesting and important. I'm WITH you. I was going to request Tocharian, but apparently you've already DONE it! Big up yourselves!!

gordonsparkes
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I wish this language is alive now. This is a very beautiful language.

hnjgaiszru
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Çorum'dan selamlar :D

Hello from Çorum which was the capital of Hittites

ufukzengin
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Man the Hittites were so mysterious. Extinct language, culture and not much known about the genetics. Just trying to build a picture in my mind through this spoken language. Thank you.

jellymop
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So Hittites is an Indo-European language after all, familiar words are discernable e.g. horse - ekku (Latin equus), knee - kenu (German knie), star - haster (Greek asteri), heart - kardi (Greek kardia), water - watar (English & German) and so many more...

davidbanner
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The similarities with Farsi (Persian) and Sanskrit are unmissable.
"Taru" the word for tree is there still Sanskrit (though vruksh is more frequent).
Good to know from the comments that Turkish has Hittite words, in spite of different language families.

karthikeyanchidambaram
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ekki (horse) - equus (Latin), hippos (Greek, *kw -> p) from PIE *h₁éḱwos
kenu (knee) - genu (Latin), gony (Greek) from PIE *ǵónu

dorothearigou
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And let us not forget the obvious similarities to Lithuanian, which has changed the least of all Indo-European languages.

takforalt
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This is fabulous and such a help as I am learning the Hittite language. What a beautiful sound this language is. Thank you.

ritaroberts
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Some similarities with New Persian I noticed after a first glimps:

2:09 Konûn – now (formal)
3:00 pesar – boy
3:23 dâr – tree (old fashioned)

Tenahio