The Hunt for Neutrinos (The Super Kamiokande Detector)

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The Hunt for Neutrinos (The Super Kamiokande Detector):
Half a mile under Mount Ikeno in Japan sits the Super Kamiokande Neutrino Detector. It's here that physicists are hoping to capture elusive neutrinos that might give us hints about our universes past and now, with a major upgrade (gadolinium) scientists are hoping to see neutrinos from billions of years in the past.

What are neutrinos?
Neutrinos (not spelled nutrino) are neutral subatomic particles 1 and a half million times lighter than an electron and 10 billion, billion, billion times lighter than a grain of sand. They were formed in the first second of the universe’s creation before even the first atoms were formed. Born from violent astrophysical events like exploding stars and gamma-ray bursts, they are fantastically abundant in the universe and can move as easily through lead as we move through the air.

The hunt for neutrinos began in 1930 when the Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli predicted the existence of a neutral particle that was emitted during nuclear decay. In doing the math, Pauli discovered that when an electron was given off from radioactive decay, there was a small hole in the system’s total mass/energy balance. And this was a very small hole. And keep in mind, a neutrino is a million and a half times lighter than an electron, so many would doubt these findings, chalking it up to a rounding error.

But Pauli knew something was missing and he predicted that it was an unknown, ghostly particle, non-charged particle. But Pauli struggled over his discovery of a particle he would have no way of detecting. After all, how would you detect something nearly massless and that didn't have a charge?

Videoclips from within the detector are marked by who produced them and used under YouTube's Fair Use policy.

#Neutrinos #SuperKamiokandeDetector #Nutrino

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Just an update on the channel if you all are interested: We have a lot of really cool things in the works to take us from just 'a guy who makes videos' to a 'professional' looking channel. We're working on a logo and banner redesign that will look really good, setting up things like a discord server, brainstorming a Patreon with some really cool perks (although we want to wait until we're closer to 10k hopefully around the end of the year to launch it) and applying for things like Amazon's affiliate partner program (a way you can support the channel for FREE). We'll be rolling these things out throughout the rest of the year. Hopefully, with your support, we can eventually become a 'real' youtube channel and keep providing higher video content for you all!

EverythingScience
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I love these videos, they're so informative. This guy is underrated.

Noah-lzwb
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Interesting. I had no idea about this. Thanks, I feel smarter already!

michaelsilva
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This video was great! I love the art style, and that there is lots of footage that gives you a visual idea of what things look like! The footage and animation made me love this video and I already look forward to your next! I definitely will subscribe with notifications.

NOT_an_egg_cultist
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love learning new things from your videos!

rebeccahaber
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Great video! It's amazing to think about what kinds of crazy discoveries the Hyper-Kamiokande will bring in the future! :D

PrettyMuchPhysics
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interesting stuff didn't know about this

aXelRedfield
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Great video! Super K is truly a marvel of modern engineering. Really looking forward to the next era of neutrino detectors like Hyper K and NOvA. Maybe we will finally see a hint of new physics!

Fun fact about the 1987 supernova: neutrino detectors (including Super K) actually were able to detect the supernova hours before any observatories. This is because visible light gets "trapped" in the chaos of charged particles inside a star, so it only is able to escape when the supernova's shockwave reaches the surface of the star. Neutrinos, on the other hand, interact so weakly that they begin to be released pretty much as soon as the star starts to collapse. So, the neutrinos have a "head start" and are able to reach the earth some time before the light from the supernova!

zapphysics