Hybridization of H2O (description of hybrid orbitals for O)

To find the hybridization for H2O (Water) we’ll first determine the steric number. The steric number can be found by adding the number of bonded atoms and then number of lone pairs.

Steric Number = (#bonding atoms) + (#lone pairs).

You may also see it written as:
Steric Number = ( sigma bonds) + (#lone pairs).

Both equations result in a steric number of four for HOS. Therefore the hybridization for the O in H2O is sp3.

We can also use the steric number to find the molecular geometry of H2). Since we have a steric number of four bond angles will be about 109.5 degrees (less since there are lone pairs involved).

The ground state energy level diagram for H2O doesn’t explain the molecular geometry observed for H2O. However, if we consider the s and three p orbitals to be hybridized (a mix to produce four separate and equal orbitals), we can explain the observed bent molecular geometry (due to two lone pairs and two atoms bonded to the O atom). The electron geometry is tetrahedral.

There creation of hybrid orbitals is useful for understanding the shape and bond angels for molecules. To understand the energies, molecular orbital theory may be more appropriate.

Modified sp3 Hybridized Atom Image (in blue):

[rajeevk.pathak]

An Excellent, Clear-cut, Informative, Unequivocal elucidation !!! Thanks for the upload !!!

[venuss.]

Your voice is so soothing and your explanation made me understand easier than however I am being taught. Thank you.

[a.s]

Woow you made me understand a whole chapter in a short effective video 😮 much respect for you 👌🏻

[shant]

Thank you for this very informative video. My English is not good enough but i could understand everything what you have explained.

[hw]

Thank you very much! This was really clear and helpful.

[LC]

hi may i know what`s the shape suppose to be looks like or the name called if water molecule doesn't undergo hybridisie to form a molecule？

[arnavsharma]

Holy crap you don't know how much this helped 🙃

[priyanshunautiyal]

How electrons goes in ecicted state from 2s to 2p

[kevincampbell]

Are the 1s electrons of the oxygen atom not involved in bonding here? If so wouldn't oxygen have 10 total electrons in the water molecule?

[anubis]

Thanks for the explanation but why is the angle only 104.5? Or better why do those two "push" the other two down?

[jamal_]

Doubt- for the hybridisation structure of water : Sir why don’t the lone pairs of oxygen arrange themselves in completely opposite fashion(ie 180 degree) and then the two hydrogens will also arrange in the equatorial axis linearly with the oxygen orbitals.

I think that would be a more logical and stable structure.

Btw amazing explanation sir.

[PR_SAHU]

Dr beast this is awesome
Keep going like this and one day u will be successful person😀

[abhijitganguly]

How far I know, hybridisation is a matter of electron orbital, not the number of electrons present in those orbitals, thank you!

[alvakrus]

and then the 1s orbital with its two electrons is in the middle or something? just not being visualized? sorry i'm trying to learn all of this from home without having done any of this at school or uni yet so my understanding of all this is a bit limited so far

[subramanyamsubramanyam]

Super very beneficiary video thank you so much

[agnesa.ast]

oh my god this makes so much sense now