A United States of Europe by 2030 - How would it work?

Will the EU integrate into a Federal United States Of the European Union? Maybe like the US or Swiss model? Or will the EU develop into an intergovernmental or Confederal Europe? This video will look into what a Federation is and what the EU could do to become one. It also looks into Macron's vision, which is a multi-tiered EU.

8:30 I mean 27*. sorry about the mistake

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Research & Sources
Source 1: Brad Cartwright, Systems of Government: Unitary, Federal, and Confederal Explained

Source 2: ThoughtCo., What is a Unitary State

Source 3: Britannica, Confederations and Federations

Source 4: European Commission, Areas of EU action

Source 5: EUR-Lex, Unanimity

Source 6: GIS Reports, The European Union’s Federal Dilemma

Source 7: Khan Academy, the relationship between the States and the federal government.

Source 9: Josep Borell, is a Federal Europe Possible?

Source 10: Politico, Target Germany if you want Russia gas ban, Parliament president tells climate activists

Source 11: Euronews, Two Tiered Europe

Source 12: European Parliament, MEPs begin revising rules on EU elections, calling for pan-European constituency

Source 13: BBC, Russian oil: EU agrees compromise deal on banning imports

[Diegoromir]

I genuinely believe that, only united, Europe will be strong in this new multipolar world, between Russia, USA and China, but I think that United States of Europe is a terrible name, I'll go with European Union.

[emanuelcruz]

Actually the idea of three tiers is not a bad idea, its like a trial of sort for each country, they could try each tier and see where they fit better without compromise de rest of the other countries and themselves having three choices instead of one. Just change the Federal Flag, its mimicking the US flag and its ugly, the EU flag is already the official european flag and is aesthetically beautiful with the navy blue background and stars.

[RealityCheck]

That "common immigration policy" will brake Europe.

[SP-cnlq]

As a german, i would love this to happen. Because in the future only a united europe will matter internationally.

[-GARLIC]

I'm from Romania ( that country that you always find at the bottom of any list), and what I wanna see is a Danish prosecutor investigating Le Pen sources of money ( just and example) or a French prosecutor investigating corruption from countries like Romania or Bulgaria, .. I think that if the EU creates a minister of justice for all eu members, most of our problems would disappear

[golagiswatchingyou]

I think a federal EU is inevitable but it will only last if it both represents the people's interests and is able to act better, faster and stronger than any individual member state.

[TheCHEESE]

i would definitely love a video diving into the topic of a multi tier Europe! seems to be the most logical step forward

[ojllbfk]

No, I do not see that this is possible, in 2030, or even 2050. The policies and interests of some countries are radically opposed to each other. I as an Eastern European, do not see an equal attitude towards us in the politics of Western Europe. I have never seen any universal cultures and ideologies of the EU other than business, and this is not enough for a single state / federation. In addition, a single united army of the EU still does not exist, and I consider this a symbol of the fact that the EU countries, even neighbors, have not begun to trust each other in matters of external security (no, NATO does not count).

[magicsalmon]

Nice video! You are putting out incredibly detailed and explanatory videos
Keep it up!

[fabulouscat]

Good job! I would definitely love another video about this topic

[angelamaximo]

It will not work. For example in relation to the army, the security needs of an Estonian and a Portuguese are very different. Furthermore, with the growing authoritarianism of Brussels over countries, it is easier to regress from the current position than to advance to another point. If even tiny Belgium is about to split, imagine the entire continent united.

[isabelle-]

The tree models you have presented: a United States of Europe and the two tiers models is the best way. I've thought about it and I think that would be the best solution

[popelgruner]

If you do a videos on tiers of integration, could you please keep in mind how Europe is set up today? Like the layers of such a tier system already kind of exist. Council of Europe (very weak as an international organisation due to veto, provides a transeuropean framework), EEA (not really in the EU but participating in the single market and hence bound be EU rules), the EU itself and then the informal inner group of the EU with the EURO-zone, Schengen and finally the Inner Six who are most likely to integrate further.

[jesperPLZ]

The EU should be focused on cooperation between sovereign nation-states instead of being run top down. Italians aren’t Germans and Hungarians aren’t Dutch. There are so many different cultures withing Europe that uniting them in essentially one country would cause so much friction that nations would seccede within years, and hopefully that will go peacefully because we only have to look back to the 90s to see what happens if it doesn’t

[MyReiners]

Defence is a tricky one. Will a EU defence force defend Aruba against an attack of Venezuela? Will a country like Denmark need to supply soldiers for strategic interests of France in Africa? Some EU countries still have some interests in former colonies. Will the EU army be a defensive army? Or will it be an army with global expeditionary reach. Will teh EU defence force be a nuclear armed force? France is today a nuclear force, as is the UK (although no EU member at this moment. What about NATO, countries like Belgium, Netherland have their airforce configured for tactical nuclear weapons (US placed weapons), will Germany (call it German EU ubits) need to have the same requirement. Will the next generation Ballistic French submarines or Carrier be European and also be financed by Germany, Luxemburg, etc. At those questions there are no answers

[JoeCitizensBlues]

No. How do you run an EU federal army? France's president has total power over the deployment of the military. Germany's military cannot do anything without parliamentary authorization. The Poles and Baltic countries look to the US for military defense, and for good reason looking at Ukraine. These differences will be irreconcilable for generations.

[Cornish]

The EU needs to fix the rest of its problems before it can even consider federalising

[eclipsenow]

Very well summarised and easy to understand - thank you!

[JosieN-nsrm]

Thank you, very good info. A video on the history of the idea of a United States of Europe and how it began and has evolved would be good to have. I remember reading that Napoleon spoke of the need for a United States of Europe.

[margaretjones]

The biggest problem with any form of EU "democracy" is that it is attempting to integrate very different countries, some of which are, quite literally, 200 times bigger than others. In an attempt to prevent the larger countries from overwhelming the smaller ones, the EU parliament is massively skewed towards the smaller countries, such that (for example) Luxembourg enjoys roughly thirty times as much representation-per-capita as Germany. This works fine when the EU is a benevolent trading block, but it becomes a serious problem when the EU aspires to being a de-facto single state. In effect, a citizen of Germany would have only one thirtieth the say of a citizen of Luxembourg - hardly a fair or democratic situation. If, however, the EU was to agree that the votes of all citizens should carry the same weight, then the EU would be dominated by a handful of larger countries, whilst the many smaller nations would have hardly any influence at all. In practice, the EU has worked very well for the smaller nations, massively magnifying their power and importance; but it has worked less well for the larger nations, many of whose citizens feel (quite rightly) that they have been excluded from democratic decision making. EU aspirations to replace the larger nations with smaller "regions" (i.e to effectively wipe France, Germany, Italy, Spain and, previously, England) from the map) are self-evidently a recipe for civil war. It's worth remembering that in the latest French elections, fully 65% of the electorate (and 70% of the young) voted for Eurosceptic parties of the far-right and far-left. Even within one of the EU's core states, there is little appetite for the abolition of France.