How Does An AED Work

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) works by delivering an electric shock to the heart in cases of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Here's how it generally operates:
Detection of Cardiac Arrest: When someone collapses suddenly, it may be due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), where the heart's electrical activity becomes chaotic and stops effectively pumping blood. AEDs are designed to detect this condition and intervene promptly.

Electrode Placement: AEDs come with adhesive pads with electrodes that are placed on the person's bare chest. These pads are typically labeled with instructions (e.g., "Place Pad Here") to ensure correct placement.

Heart Rhythm Analysis: Once the electrodes are attached, the AED starts analyzing the person's heart rhythm. It does this by measuring the electrical activity of the heart through the electrodes. The AED determines if the heart rhythm is shockable, specifically looking for rhythms like ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT), which can respond positively to defibrillation.

Prompting Operator: During this analysis, the AED provides clear, step-by-step voice prompts or visual instructions to the operator. These prompts guide the operator through each necessary action, ensuring they follow correct procedures even if they have limited or no medical training.

Decision to Shock: If the AED detects a shockable rhythm, it prepares to deliver an electric shock. This shock is essential as it momentarily stops the chaotic electrical activity of the heart, giving the heart a chance to reset and possibly restore normal rhythm.

Clearing for Shock: Before delivering the shock, the AED prompts the operator to ensure no one is touching the person. This precaution is necessary to avoid anyone else receiving unintended shocks.

Shock Delivery: Once cleared, the AED delivers a controlled electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. This shock is typically delivered in a fraction of a second and is designed to be safe and effective in restarting the heart's normal rhythm.

Post-Shock Assessment: Immediately after the shock, the AED may prompt the operator to resume CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation). CPR helps circulate blood through chest compressions and assists in maintaining oxygen supply to vital organs until professional medical help arrives.

Continued Monitoring: Throughout the process, the AED continues to monitor the person's heart rhythm. If needed, it will analyze again and advise further shocks or continue CPR as necessary.

AEDs are crucial in saving lives during sudden cardiac arrest because they provide rapid intervention in a critical situation. Their user-friendly design and automated functions enable bystanders or non-medical personnel to effectively assist until emergency medical services arrive. Training in CPR and AED use enhances preparedness and response in emergencies where every second counts.

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