Schizophrenia and Dopamine (Level 2 - Intermediate)

This video provides an introduction to schizophrenia, its relation to dopamine, the different families of dopamine receptors, psychosis, and anti-psychotic drugs. You have probably heard of both schizophrenia and dopamine, but did you know that they are intimately related?

If you'd like a shorter and less technical version of this topic, check out:

Or if you'd like a more in-depth and technical version, check out:

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Chapters:
00:00 What do you think of when you hear the word "dopamine"?
00:45 Schizophrenia drugs take advantage of dopamine biology
01:40 I'm Andrew, this is Sense of Mind, and this series on neuroscience and dopamine.
03:48 Do you need an introduction to action potentials, neurotransmitters, etc? (CARD)
04:15 Check out level 3 and elvel 1 version of this topic (CARD)
04:40 What is dopamine?
05:30 Dopamine is involved in a lot of functions
06:30 Two families of dopamine receptors (D1 and D2)
07:24 The mechanisms of D1 and D2 receptors
09:07 Functions of the D1 and D2 receptors
11:02 What is schizophrenia? What are the symptoms?
12:28 The schizophrenic brain, visualized
14:45 Blocking D2 dopamine receptors helps with symptoms of schizophrenia. How?
18:04 Thank you so much for watching! Please like, comment, follow, and subscribe!

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Sources and Recommended Readings:

Hyman, S. E. (2021). Disorders of Thought and Volition in Schizophrenia. In J. Gordon (Ed.), Principles of Neural Science (6th ed., pp. 1488–1500). essay, McGraw-hill.

Banich, M. T., & Compton, R. J. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Nervous system. Cambridge University Press.

Beaulieu, J. M., Espinoza, S., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2014). Dopamine receptors–IUPHAR R eview 13. British journal of pharmacology, 172(1), 1-23.

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Music:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License

[thecat]

The dopamine hypothesis that you mentioned does not make sense. Since D2 receptors are predominantly inhibitory owing to their inhibitory action though G-protein activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Then a high density D2 receptor phenotype among schizophrenia sufferers would therefore lead to a hypo-dopaminergic state within the Mesolimbic regions.

[danielengsvang]

I believe that even NMDA is highly involved with how the brain sort of "balances out" what comes in to the brain and really how it is processed together with out thoughts and feelings.
Because when i have been on Nmda Antagonist 3-Meo-PCP (Phencyclidine Analogue) for months even at quite low doses i was suffering from some kind of "Psychosis" for months even though it was light(Because i don't have an imbalance normally). And at that time i had an abnormally low dopamine function due to both ADHD and downregulation because of constant use of Reuptake inhibitors(Phenidates) for years. So i had both hypo-dopaminergic and Hyper Glutaminergic(NMDA Upregulation) things going on simultaneously.
Just wanted to share how strange and complicated this is. But i am normal now so don't worry and won't put myself in that situation again because it is insanely scary really.
Cheers from Sweden 💌🤫

[TimeHandler]

Question. My D2 dopamine receptors have been blocked by antipsychotics. I've stopped taking them, due to them leaving me completely emotionless, lacking anything even slightly resembling motivation completely. I've been off them for around 6-7 months now, but my emotions and motivation still haven't returned, at all. Is there any hope for these receptors to start working again, once they've been screwed around with so much? I'm starting to think it might just never go back to "normal". I've been warned that if they do start working again, i may have more episodes, but honestly, i can think of nothing worse than spending another year lacking any feeling. I pretty much just exist for no reason at this point, like i'm getting nothing from anything. No sense of achievement, no goals, no consistency. I can force myself to do things that are good for me, but i just can't keep them up, because i simply don't care about anything anymore. I always just end up smoking and trying to distract myself from reality. I've been this way for the past year, and my lungs are suffering a tonne as a result, i'm self neglecting to an extreme degree to the point where it's causing multiple health problems. I wasn't doing anything like this when i was "psychotic".... At least when i was "psychotic" i was keeping good hygiene, exercising daily, working, talking to people, i did all of these things because they made me feel good... And i wanted to keep doing them. Now NOTHING does that for me. LITERALLY NOTHING. Smoking eases the stress temporarily, and as a result, that's pretty much all i do. I wouldn't be surprised if i'm dead pretty soon, lungs feel completely ruined after this year. And it's been a result of these antipsychotics, NONE of these things were a problem for me before, i had delusions, and became quite shouty in public, that was all, i was then locked up and drugged against my will, since then, brain doesn't fucking work.

Sorry, i know i've just kind of unloaded on you, but you seem like you might actually have the answers. My doctors are completely useless, all they want to do is get me back on the antipsychotics.

Any insights would be more than greatly appreciated.

[thurlow]

If D2 receptors are inhibitory, why does excess D2 lead to positive symptoms? Im so confused

[vladislavamusin]

Great videos! A lot of useful and interesting information told in an interesting manner

[Flyingsquirrelam]

Thank you this is really helping me revise for my exams

[ruimvp]

Thank you. When they talk about minimum dose or maintenance dose of an anti psychotic they mean that the effects are linear proportional to the dose? It is an average value of the studies in all subjects?If the patient lowers to half of the minimal dose what can expect?

[ahmedaraale]

I suffer depression after stress from work last year November dopamine levels spike too much dopamine in my brain but i didn't became psychotic or schizophrenic no one knows exactly causes of schizophrenia

[judyrobin]

Why did GABA and pre GABA make me hallucinate?

[judyrobin]

Why would GABA and Per GABA make me hallucinate?