How to Read AC Schematics and Diagrams Basics

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This video provides an overview of how to read AC schematics. We walk through some of the basics and most common symbols associated with reading air conditioner wiring diagrams.

Whenever you approach a wiring diagram, look at the whole thing, especially the legend and notes. In many cases, factory wiring will show up as solid lines and field wiring will show up as dashed lines. (Power wiring may be darker or bolder, and control wiring may be lighter.) In other words, solid lines indicate wires that are inside the appliance, and dashed lines indicate connections that you will have to make in the field. Component connections may be circular, and field splices may look a bit like wire nuts (and indicate where YOU will need to make a connection).

The legend also contains nomenclature to help you understand what the abbreviations really mean. In the case of this relatively universal Carrier wiring diagram, the asterisks by the abbreviations indicate that those respective parts may be factory-installed but may also be something that you'll have to add.

Schematics (ladder diagrams) differ from connection diagrams in that everything is shown between the two legs of power (L1 and L2). Schematics also have an inverted pyramid to indicate ground. The contactor's contacts are shown on separate sides on the schematics, but everything inside the contactor is shown together on the connection diagram. That's because the connection diagram shows how the components look within the unit instead of how power gets from one place to another. However, the components and connection points have the same names and numbers across both diagrams.

You can differentiate switch types based on what's beneath them. Thermal switches have squiggles, pressure switches have a bell, and float switches have a circle. Normally closed switches will appear closed on the diagrams, and normally open switches will appear open on diagrams. Low-pressure switches will have the line beneath the right-hand circle, and high-pressure switches will have the line above the right-hand circle. (In this case, the schematic had a typo.) Upside-down Y symbols on switches indicate a time delay.

One thing worth noting is that the letter C represents a common point; it does NOT mean the same thing on a run capacitor as it does on the compressor. On the compressor, C refers to the common point between the start and run windings. On the run capacitor, C refers to the common point between the compressor run capacitor and the condenser fan.

A short straight line followed by a curved line represents a capacitor. Spring-like symbols indicate that you are looking at an inductive or magnetic winding (usually in motors). On the other hand, jagged symbols indicate resistive loads, which generate light or heat instead of magnetism.

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Not too many people have a way of explaining electrical schematics, You Sir have a talent for this IMO. Thank You!!

eatcommies
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As a first year apprentice, I can’t say thank you enough for this.

ABBITT
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currently in my 2nd year of an apprentice program in a local college near me. This whole year is electrical and it was a bit confusing for me to read diagrams like this because my teacher never really goes too in depth with things and im more of a hands on learner, but this has made it much simpler. Glad my year one teacher that im still in touch with recommended your videos! :) Been outside on my own AC unit just getting a better visual for them and its pretty simple now. Thanks alot!

joshuat
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This was the best video about schematics I ever saw . Thank you very much .

yevgeniyburda
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Its funny how for me as an electrical student, I learn more from HVAC guys than electricians LOL

kylelikeskjvbible
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Thank you my friend for taking the time and effort in making these videos. It’s much appreciated.

mariomorua
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Great great teaching these R my problems understanding a schematics.
You explain in a way it works for someone with no electrical schooling I just learned as I worked so great great ways of teaching, & for the negative comments if you all know that much then why even watch.
Thank you I'll continued to watch your videos, with some questions.

cortlandtatt
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I wish there was a hvac cert I could get by doing all your online vids. I completed an electrical apprenticeship school in 2015 in class 800 hour program. Would love to learn hvac too to add to my electrical troubleshooting and also to make me more valuable as maintenance manager at this resort I work at

hxvhuhn
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Good catch on the LPs and hps I've noticed little errors like that on schematics lol. You just shake your head

josiahpierson
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I'm a stationary engineer worked in a boiler room doing mostly mechanical stuff just started doing HVAC at a hospital I'm trying to learn schematics . Thank you

robbiee.
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Good video. I would like to point out that all modern romex has 90c rated conductors so it could be used for this installation.

thisgame
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New subscriber. I watch your videos to help me understand HVAC and prepare me to enter the HVAC trade with a friend and enroll in APEX electrician school in NYC in April 2021.

TheChuOi
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Great job on this. I am using this for remote learning with my HVAC high school students during this trying time. Thanks for sharing!

vicferrari
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Awesome video. For someone who struggles with this it really helps. Please do more of these on carrier and Lennox.

robertmunguia
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THANK YOU SO MUCH! This is a huge weak spot to create these diagrams, reading them is easier but not fn easy! It is like hearing Spanish and kind of getting it, but speaking.... much more difficult!

resurgensix
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good job.... 40 years in started in1981

glennsepelak
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Man I'm glad you said something about the pressure switch typo! I sat there for like 5 minutes questioning if I had it all wrong when I was sure I had the down.

bogger
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anything on circuit boards, other than if you have power to it and out of it its good, ,,,i think all teachers seem to use this as an explanation to those boards, ,,,thank you

MrGarcon
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Excellent video. Thank you for taking the time. If I can get this....anyone can. You teach very well sir. Thanks again!

AlaskanMonroe
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NM Romax is normally used in one- and two-family dwellings, and certain multifamily dwellings. NM-B is what you will see when shopping for NM cable, which is rated for 90 degrees C (194 degrees F).

kevind