how to fix java lang nosuchmethoderror in testng

the `nosuchmethoderror` in java typically occurs when the java virtual machine (jvm) tries to call a method that no longer exists in the class definition. this error can often arise in the context of testng tests when there are discrepancies between the method signatures in your test classes and the compiled code or when dependencies are not properly managed.

here's a step-by-step tutorial on how to fix `nosuchmethoderror` in testng, along with code examples:

step 1: understand the error

the `nosuchmethoderror` usually appears in the following format:

this indicates that the method `somemethod()` cannot be found within the class `someclass`.

step 2: check your test code

ensure that the method you are trying to call actually exists in the class. for example:

in your testng test, you should be calling the correct method:

step 3: clean and rebuild your project

sometimes, the error arises from stale class files. to resolve this, you should clean and rebuild your project:

1. **for maven projects:**
- run `mvn clean install` in your terminal.

2. **for gradle projects:**
- run `./gradlew clean build`.

3. **for ides (like eclipse or intellij idea):**
- use the clean and rebuild options provided in the build menu.

step 4: check dependencies

if you are using external libraries or frameworks, make sure that you are using the correct version. a `nosuchmethoderror` can occur if an older version of a library is being used that does not contain the method you are trying to invoke.

1. **for maven:**



2. **for gradle:**



step 5: check for multiple versions of classes

if multiple versions of a class are present in your classpath, it can lead to conflicts. ensure that:

- you do not have different versions of the same library.
- your build tools (maven/gradle) are resolving dependencies correctly.

step 6: example of fi ...

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