Athena - Goddess of Wisdom and Warfare

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Athena was one of the twelve chief Olympian deities and the goddess associated with wisdom, craft, and warfare. In wars—where she was most commonly depicted—Athena embodied cold rationality, tactics, and strategy. Athena’s cold logic stood in direct contrast to her brother Ares’ rage, violence, and impulsiveness. While Athena was broadly worshipped throughout the Greek world, her cult was particularly strong in Athens, the intellectual center of the Greeks. There the goddess was commemorated via the construction of several public buildings, including the famed Parthenon. Her prominence in Athens and elsewhere suggests that the characteristics of wisdom, forethought, and rationality were highly valued among the Greek people. Greek mythology, especially the lore surrounding the founding and history of Athens, was rich with stories of Athena. While certain figures from the Mycenaean era paralleled Athena in her essential attributes, traditional conceptions of Athena evolved during the Greek Classical period. She was later worshiped by the Romans as the deity Minerva. Her longevity among the Greeks and Hellenized peoples suggested that they greatly admired the qualities of wisdom, perspicuity, and forethought with which Athena was associated. Athena appeared often in Greek mythology as a champion of heroes such as Argos, Perseus and Hercules. These stories celebrated Athena’s kind regard for struggling mortals and often displayed her craftiness and ingenuity.

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