Esophagus (Parts, Curvatures, Constrictions, Layers) - Anatomy

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Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:25 Parts of the Esophagus
2:16 Curvatures of the Esophagus
2:45 Constrictions of the Esophagus
5:09 Layers of the Esophageal Wall

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Esophagus:
- Length is about 25 cm
- Lies between Pharynx and the Stomach
- Divided into 3 parts:
○ Cervical Part (Pars Cervicalis)
○ Thoracic Part (Pars Thoracica)
○ Abdominal Part (Pars Abdominalis)
- Cervical Part:
○ Starts at the Pharyngeal Opening into Esophagus (Ostium Oesophageum)
○ Ends at Superior thoracic aperture (Apertura thoracica superior)
- Thoracic Part
○ Starts at Superior thoracic aperture (Apertura thoracica superior)
○ Ends at Esophageal Hiatus (Hiatus Oesophageus Diaphragmatis)
- Abdominal Part
○ Starts at Esophageal Hiatus (Hiatus Oesophageus Diaphragmatis)
○ Ends at Cardiac Orifice (Ostium Cardiacum Gastrici)

Curvatures of the Esophagus
- Curves to the left at the beginning (cervical part)
- Curves to the right at the middle thoracic part
- Curves to the left above the diaphragm

Constrictions of the Esophagus
- Anatomical Constrictions
○ Pharyngeoesophageal Constriction
○ Bronchoaortic Constriction
○ Diaphragmatic Constriction
- Physiological Constrictions
○ At the level of T8-T9
○ At the level of T11 (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)

Layers of the Esophageal Wall:
- Tunica Mucosa
○ Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelia
○ Contains Mucous Glands and Vasculature
○ Has Lamina Muscularis Mucosa
- Tela Submucosa
○ Loose Connective Tissue with esophageal glands and esophageal cardiac glands
- Tunica Muscularis
○ Inner Circular Muscle fibers
○ Outer Longitudinal Muscle fibers (upper 1/3 skeletal, then gradually replaced by smooth muscle)
- Tunica Adventitia
- Tunica Serosa

Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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danielsvilenov

First Thanks for this amazing video
Second
We have two types of mucus glands
One type is called mucosal esophageal glands which are present only in the gastroesophageal junction to secrete the neutral mucous to eliminate the acids which may come from the stomach
But we have also another type of sub mucosal esophageal glands which are present ofcourse in the sub mucosa but these cells are present along the entire length of the esophagus to produce mucus which lubricates the esophagus to decrease the friction with food
So the difference that mucosal esophageal cells are present only in GE junction but sub mucosal esophageal cells are present along the esophagus

Sorry for that long comment 😅😅😅😅😅

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