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Use a roadheader to dig the tunnel
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Tunnel Excavation Using a Roadheader
Tunnel excavation using a roadheader is a modern tunneling construction method. The following is relevant introduction:
Working Principle of the Roadheader
- Rock - breaking Method: The roadheader mainly cuts the rock through the cutters on the rotating cutter head. Under the strong thrust, the cutters come into contact with the rock. Utilizing the hardness of the cutters and the appropriate cutting angle, the rock is broken. Different types of cutters are suitable for rocks of different hardness. For example, for harder rocks, disc cutters inlaid with cemented carbide may be used; for softer rocks, pick cutters can be used.
- Propulsion System: The roadheader is equipped with propulsion cylinders that provide forward thrust to the cutter head, enabling the cutters to continuously cut into the rock. The propulsion speed can be adjusted according to factors such as rock hardness and the power of the roadheader. At the same time, the propulsion system can ensure the stability of the roadheader during the excavation process, ensuring that the cutter head maintains the correct position relationship with the tunnel axis.
Advantages of Tunnel Excavation Using a Roadheader
- High Construction Efficiency: Compared with the traditional drilling - and - blasting method, the roadheader can operate continuously. It does not require a series of complex and time - consuming processes such as drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation for smoke dispersion, and muck removal as in the drilling - and - blasting method, and can continuously excavate the rock, greatly increasing the construction speed. Under suitable geological conditions, the monthly tunneling speed of the roadheader can reach several hundred meters.
- Good Safety: Since blasting operations are not required, risk factors such as flying rocks, vibrations, and harmful gases generated by explosive explosions are avoided, and the safety threat to construction personnel is greatly reduced. At the same time, the operation of the roadheader is carried in a relatively closed and stable cab, and the operators are isolated from the excavation face to a certain extent, further ensuring personnel safety.
- Less Disturbance to the Surrounding Rock: During the excavation process, the roadheader causes less disturbance to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. By precisely controlling parameters such as the rotation speed and thrust of the cutter head, the excavation profile is relatively smooth and regular, reducing the damage to the surrounding rock. This is conducive to maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock, reducing the risk of accidents such as tunnel collapse during construction, and also facilitating subsequent support work.
- High Construction Quality: The roadheader can accurately control the size and shape of the excavation, ensuring that the tunnel section meets the design requirements. The tunnel surface excavated by it has high flatness, and phenomena of over - excavation and under - excavation are rare, reducing the workload of filling or repairing in the subsequent lining construction and being beneficial to improving the overall construction quality of the tunnel.
Challenges and Countermeasures in Tunnel Excavation Using a Roadheader
- Coping with Complex Geological Conditions
- Hard Rock Problem: When encountering extremely hard rocks, the wear of cutters will intensify, and cutters may need to be replaced frequently, affecting the construction progress. To solve this problem, higher - quality and more wear - resistant cutter materials can be used. At the same time, the layout of cutters and the design of the cutter head can be optimized to improve rock - breaking efficiency. In addition, auxiliary means such as pre - splitting blasting can be used to weaken the hard rock area to a certain extent in advance.
- Soft Rock and Fractured Zone Problem: In soft rocks or fractured zones, problems such as surrounding rock collapse and cutter head jamming are prone to occur. For soft rocks, the propulsion speed and cutter head rotation speed of the roadheader can be reduced to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock. For fractured zones, advanced support techniques such as advanced bolts and grouting of advanced small - diameter pipes can be used to pre - reinforce the surrounding rock to prevent collapse.
Tunnel excavation using a roadheader is a modern tunneling construction method. The following is relevant introduction:
Working Principle of the Roadheader
- Rock - breaking Method: The roadheader mainly cuts the rock through the cutters on the rotating cutter head. Under the strong thrust, the cutters come into contact with the rock. Utilizing the hardness of the cutters and the appropriate cutting angle, the rock is broken. Different types of cutters are suitable for rocks of different hardness. For example, for harder rocks, disc cutters inlaid with cemented carbide may be used; for softer rocks, pick cutters can be used.
- Propulsion System: The roadheader is equipped with propulsion cylinders that provide forward thrust to the cutter head, enabling the cutters to continuously cut into the rock. The propulsion speed can be adjusted according to factors such as rock hardness and the power of the roadheader. At the same time, the propulsion system can ensure the stability of the roadheader during the excavation process, ensuring that the cutter head maintains the correct position relationship with the tunnel axis.
Advantages of Tunnel Excavation Using a Roadheader
- High Construction Efficiency: Compared with the traditional drilling - and - blasting method, the roadheader can operate continuously. It does not require a series of complex and time - consuming processes such as drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation for smoke dispersion, and muck removal as in the drilling - and - blasting method, and can continuously excavate the rock, greatly increasing the construction speed. Under suitable geological conditions, the monthly tunneling speed of the roadheader can reach several hundred meters.
- Good Safety: Since blasting operations are not required, risk factors such as flying rocks, vibrations, and harmful gases generated by explosive explosions are avoided, and the safety threat to construction personnel is greatly reduced. At the same time, the operation of the roadheader is carried in a relatively closed and stable cab, and the operators are isolated from the excavation face to a certain extent, further ensuring personnel safety.
- Less Disturbance to the Surrounding Rock: During the excavation process, the roadheader causes less disturbance to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. By precisely controlling parameters such as the rotation speed and thrust of the cutter head, the excavation profile is relatively smooth and regular, reducing the damage to the surrounding rock. This is conducive to maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock, reducing the risk of accidents such as tunnel collapse during construction, and also facilitating subsequent support work.
- High Construction Quality: The roadheader can accurately control the size and shape of the excavation, ensuring that the tunnel section meets the design requirements. The tunnel surface excavated by it has high flatness, and phenomena of over - excavation and under - excavation are rare, reducing the workload of filling or repairing in the subsequent lining construction and being beneficial to improving the overall construction quality of the tunnel.
Challenges and Countermeasures in Tunnel Excavation Using a Roadheader
- Coping with Complex Geological Conditions
- Hard Rock Problem: When encountering extremely hard rocks, the wear of cutters will intensify, and cutters may need to be replaced frequently, affecting the construction progress. To solve this problem, higher - quality and more wear - resistant cutter materials can be used. At the same time, the layout of cutters and the design of the cutter head can be optimized to improve rock - breaking efficiency. In addition, auxiliary means such as pre - splitting blasting can be used to weaken the hard rock area to a certain extent in advance.
- Soft Rock and Fractured Zone Problem: In soft rocks or fractured zones, problems such as surrounding rock collapse and cutter head jamming are prone to occur. For soft rocks, the propulsion speed and cutter head rotation speed of the roadheader can be reduced to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock. For fractured zones, advanced support techniques such as advanced bolts and grouting of advanced small - diameter pipes can be used to pre - reinforce the surrounding rock to prevent collapse.
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