Active vs Passive Insufficiency Explained Simply

TIME STAMPS
00:00 - Passive insufficiency of wrist extensors
00:50 - Active insufficiency of wrist flexors
01:30 - Comparison between active & passive insufficiency of forearm muscles
01:50 - Characteristics of biarticular muscles
02:18 - Passive insufficiency of hamstrings
03:23 - Active insufficiency of rectus femoris
04:15 - Wrap-up & outtro

#kinesiologyconcepts #activeandpassiveinsufficiency #DrGoodin
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Dr. Jacob Goodin is a professor of kinesiology at Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), and holds a PhD in Sport Physiology and Performance from East Tennessee State University. He has over a decade of experience as a strength and conditioning coach and sport scientist from the high school to NCAA Division I levels. In addition to his role as a professor and research mentor, Dr. Goodin directs the Athlete Monitoring Initiative at PLNU, which provides testing and monitoring services to over 200 athletes yearly as well as research opportunities for kinesiology students.

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[angieangie]

THANK YOU!!! please don’t ever remove this video! I was so confused in lecture and this 5 min video cleared up so much for me.

[arlennegonzalez]

He meant to say rectus femoris does both (hip flexion and knee extension) but said hip twice, its okay! Loved the video, helped visualize it better.

[matthewsilva]

Good stuff! You were my anatomy professor back at Milligan! Now I'm in OT school at WashU and it was great to look up active and passive insufficiency and be taught by a former professor. Hope all is well, man.

[oregonbatdorf]

I'm cramming for my PTA exam next week, this was a great explanation!

[citylightsfade]

this is perfect for my massage students! Thank you soo much for breaking it down to this simplified level. Also throwing the Phys of the Sarcomers and the myosin cross bridges. It's going to help them soo much

[DrJacobGoodin]

At 03:37 I misspoke! I should have said that rectus femoris FLEXES the hip and EXTENDS the knee. 😬 Sorry about that my friends.



Stay safe out there and keep learning!

[dominicbarnes]

Difficult concepts, clearly explained. Thank you

[LanceKummCSCSCPTCES]

Great explanations! Wish I had these videos before I took my CSCS exam.

[the_mcleod_axe]

I started watching your vids because I've gotten more interested in the PT side of things now that I do a lot of injury prehab work with youth athletes. That said, I think I disagree with your sarcomere/actin-myosin "running into each other" position for the active insufficiency part of this video. I don't think it's sarcomeres running out of room, I think it's purely a neural feedback problem. Also I'm purely posting this for discussion sake, not meant to be argumentative at all! I have a KINE degree so I love this stuff and recognize how infantile a lot of this science is. I also think it's best to discuss muscular phenomena in nerve terms since they're the ultimate source of control here, muscles are just the vehicles.

If we flip the order of your hip flexion insufficiency example, and instead start with an extended knee and then start flexing the hip, the rec fem (fem nerve, really) will likely cramp before the hamstring (sciatic) stretch becomes too burdening - if you try it and your sciatic stretch kicks in before the cramp, plantar flex your foot and watch how much further you'll get despite no change to the hamstring length, and suddenly your rec fem will become the limiter. Cramping is a panick/protective response, so nerves that aren't comfortable with being fully shortened will cause muscles to cramp before they fully shorten (hence why muscles can cramp in lengthened positions) - also makes sense since you're starting the fem nerve off in a more shortened position by starting in knee extension in my example. That said, some of my athletes (especially this diver I train) can get into a full split AND touch her toes while doing so. Yet, she can't match that level of hip flexion while standing unless she flings her foot in the air meaning there is no rec fem contraction happening at the more flexed hip angle. If she tries to do it slowly, her rec fem cramps right when she hits 90 degrees of hip flexion.

I'm using her as an example because despite her running into an active insufficiency in her rec fem while standing, I don't think it's due to a lack of structural room for further sarcomere shortening - case in point, her rec fem is fine with being shortend more than that, it just needs to be passive, which means the only difference between the standing vs sitting example are whether the femoral nerve is actively creating the hip flexion or passively allowing the hip flexion.

I know this video is old, but I enjoyed it and all your others and you clearly are a complete nerd for this stuff like me. I've been on a journey to figure out exactly what makes muscles and nerves apprehensive, especially as it pertains to the lower body since I had nearly a full TKR in 2018 and I've just found that most muscular/tendonil problems are more neural than structural (with some caveats of course), which seems to heavily contradict the conventional wisdom from all the research I did in college.

[jastineabigaile]

very helpful! i understand it now better. please make more videos like this

[peperamos]

Thanks for this, sir! It is a help in preparing for the board exam :)

[nasibaulusow]

Thank you so much for the amazing explanation 🙏🏽🌸✨

[eman]

Thank you so much! I’ve been trying to visualize the difference!

[polevaultgirl]

Thanks so much! NPTE in t-minus 14 days

[gargidubey]

So sir, by the explanation you gave above active and passive insufficiency around hip, you mean to say that one can never do the action of full hip flexion with full knee extension due to both kind of insufficiency?

[mohamedorayith]

2:50 do you mind explaining why there is passive insufficiency in hamstrings in relation to bifurcation of muscle?
Wouldn't you have to be in anterior pelvic tilt to slightly taut and shorten the hamstrings to make it less flexible (long)


Thank you very much!

[sherjeelrmalik]

why is it an example of wrist extension in the begging? i don't get it ...your flex both your wrist and fingers?

[dl]

would the triceps brachii long head suffer from active insufficiency in an over head position when extending the elbow?

[karu]

What about passive and active insuffiencies of elbow flexion and extension during pull ups?

[matthewmcmillan]

Doesn't rectis femoris extend knee and flex hip?