java runtime code

### java runtime environment (jre)

the java runtime environment (jre) is a part of the java development kit (jdk) that provides the libraries, java virtual machine (jvm), and other components necessary to run java applications. the jre does not include development tools such as a compiler or debugger, which are included in the jdk.

### key components of jre

1. **java virtual machine (jvm)**: the core component that executes java bytecode. it provides a platform-independent way of executing java programs.
2. **java class libraries**: a set of dynamically loadable libraries that java applications can call at runtime.
3. **java native interface (jni)**: a framework that allows java code to interact with applications and libraries written in other languages like c or c++.

### how java runtime works

when you run a java program, the following steps occur:

1. **compilation**: java source code is compiled into bytecode (.class files) using the java compiler (javac).
2. **loading**: the java class loader loads the bytecode into the jvm.
3. **linking**: the class loader links the classes, resolving dependencies and preparing them for execution.
4. **execution**: the jvm interprets the bytecode or compiles it into native machine code (using just-in-time compilation) for execution.

### example code

let’s look at a simple example of a java program that demonstrates the use of the runtime capabilities, specifically handling the runtime environment and executing a simple task.

### explanation of the code

2. **memory management**: we retrieve the total and free memory using `totalmemory()` and `freememory()`, respectively, and print the values in megabytes.
3. **executing system commands**: we use the `exec()` method to run a system command (`ls` for listing files in unix-like systems).
4. **reading output**: we read the output of the command ...

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