The Super Volcanic Eruption That Could Destroy Italy And Affect Most of Europe: Campi Flegrei

This Documentary is a compilation of my Four-Part Series on Campi Flegrei. I had a lot of requests to compile the four into one long documentary so I decided to finally get a move on and do it.

Campi Flegrei is Italy's most dangerous volcano. It has released two major eruptions that affected a vast swaft of the land, and neighbouring lands with the release of massive pyroclastic flows and the generation of huge mega-tsunamis. The deadliest element in present-day lies less in the scale of the eruption and more in how populated the area it exists in is in the present day, and how other nearby countries would suffer unbelievable consequences as a result of the eruption.

This is a very, very dangerous volcano, like seriously. Not even overstating that. It's overdue for an eruption and the land swells up and down and has done so for 200 years with it rising more and more as time has gone on. The unique composition that makes up the barrier above the caldera that is fueling Campi Flegrei is a weapon of its own design and is where the major strength of this volcano really dials up many more notches than if it were a weaker overlying bedrock. The Roman concrete that was used by the Empire has also been created as a result of past eruptions and has cemented the magma chamber below it in, meaning even more magma and pressure is required to trigger an eruption.

The result of this is... catastrophic to think about. But ignorance is not bliss if it means this eruption occurs with the population around it blind to the signs leading up to it, or what to do during and following it. So it's important to educate ourselves against these types of events as it could literally save our life or the lives of many.

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OzGeology is an Australian-based YouTube channel that specializes in creating high-quality documentaries on Earth sciences and natural disasters. The content is designed to be easy to digest and covers a wide range of topics, not only focusing on geology but occasionally exploring other scientific areas as well.

[OzGeologyOfficial]

Hey folks, this is a compilation of my four-part series on Campi Flegrei that I made last year. I apologize for the audio in the first 3 parts of this documentary (Thankfully the fourth and longest episode has perfect audio), I was still very new at Youtube back then and I didn't have a pop filter / good recording equipment at the time. I also realize the audio is far too rapid which I have since stopped doing in my most recent videos, along with upgrading my equipment yet again very recently to lay to rest these little issues.
I hope you can still appreciate the information in this video! Perhaps using the Youtube function to slow it down to 0.75 or a custom setting might help.
Thanks for watching! :)

[IronicallySarcastic]

The depth of this is astonishing, how you explain what every chain in the events will lead to and what it will affect. Well done.

[ScottLilja]

1:17:53 having worked in the nuclear industry, I can say for a fact that most (if not all) operating nuclear reactors in the world have contingencies in placee for exactly this scenario. It would be standard procedure to immediately take the plant off-line (especially if the electrical grid was damaged to the extent depicted earlier in the video) and we would begin powering down the reactor. During this time, without access to grid power to support essential plant safety equipment, the plant's backup deisel generators would provide this electricity. Each of these deisel generators are about the size of a house, and each reactor has three generators for redundancy. Only one of the three needs to function in order to support the safe shutdown of the plant.

From there, we would encounter all of the same problems mentioned for jet engines, cars, ships, and anything else with an internal combustion engine: the engine needs clean air to breathe. But the deisels that protect nuclear reactors do not have the same kind of filtration system found in a truck engine... these generators are housed inside of missile-proof reinforced concrete buildings. Air is drawn into an air intake outside of the building, passed through a filtration system that was specifically designed to handle volcanic particulates for an indefinite amount of time, and then through an additional intercooler stage before entering the combustion cycle. If, for any reason the filtration system begins to fail and requires maintainence to unclog, the operators would simply start up one of the two redundant backups while this maintenance is performed and the clogged filter is repaired.

In this scenario, two full shifts of essential plant personel would be required by federal law (in the United States) to report to the nuclear site and prepare to literally live there 24/7 until the threat is effectively gone. A nuclear site has store rooms of food, water, and medical provisions to support everyone, without needing resupply or any contact at all with the outside whatsoever for months at a time. And this is something that occasionally does happen for other threats as well; for example during hurricanes, floods, or other natural disasters we would be sequestered and required to live on-site. This isn't an unusual concept for people working in the nuclear industry, since many of them are former "Navy Nukes" who are used to being isolated underwater for months at a time on nuclear powered submarines... which brings up another good point...

Beyond the possibility of a safe shutdown, in a worst-case scenario where none of the diesels were operating for whatever reason, we would still have the capability to generate the necessary power using the reactor in an entirely closed-loop system; the same way that a nuclear submarine would operate. We would only consider this option as a last resort, because our primary objective would be to shut the reactor down completely, but if all else fails we can still maintain safety.

Just thought I'd leave my two cents about this topic in particular. Great video overall, and a great channel! Can't wait to see more.

[temperanceblalock]

When I was four years old, we lived in Naples for about a year. Our apartment balcony looked out over the Bay and Vesuvius was visible. I was always worried about it.

[jacob]

Campi Flegrei... AKA: "Europe's Yellowstone."

It's just so gratifying to hear horror stories about a Supervolcano BESIDES Yellowstone's. Because by now, everyone knows about Yellowstone. But there are OTHERS around the world. And we need to be educated on those, as well.

[debrajjones]

Fascinating and terrifying. I love the long length format which allows you to really deep dive into the subject in a manner that everyone can follow. Very well done.

[asherikamichaela]

Thanks for this! I've been waiting for an in-depth Campi Flegri video for years. 😁

[HeadstrongCat]

There's been major earthquakes and considerations of mass evacuations in the Campi Flegrei area over the last month or so. It seems to be becoming more frequent and worrying. Would love to see you touch on this!

[joshuapierce]

One cannot sugarcoat these hard-core facts...Brutal honesty! Extraordinary !

[marvthebass]

Finally, something about super volcanoes that isn't based in the USA or South Pacific lol

[abitoffcenter]

I know I'm a tad bit late commenting on this vid. Honestly, I just found it this morning. I'm currently about to start part 4. So far I'm really enjoying it! As to your question about shorter or longer format videos. I'm a huge fan of longer videos. I'm well aware of the amount of time and effort that goes into them. So I do understand if you only put a longer video out every once in awhile. Which I'd be good. But I do enjoy longer vids. As stated above I'm really enjoying this particular one and would like to thank you for your time and efforts in producing it. My only complaint, for lack of a better word, would be to ask if you slowed your speech down. Just a little bit, not much. Not like having to bring the Slow Motion Guys in or anything like that. That aside, this is a really good video!! Something that you should be proud of, that's for sure. Again, Thank You Sir for all your time and effort! It's greatly appreciated!

[patrickpalmer]

Pretty heavy vision, very honest, gut wrenching, still thank you. It's a must watch again.

[helenbunnehmummeh]

I was totally expecting Geographics Simon…
This is a really great deep dive into the CF topic, very enjoyable.
Funny though- the narrator is pretty calm in episodes 1, 2, & 3 but in 4 He sounds so excited, I imagine he is standing up on his chair and waking his arms around as part of his delivery.

I’m going to watch this again..

[shayminty]

Your documentaries are awesome. Putting it all together made me want to watch again!

Also, your voice is very soothing. The only advice I have is maybe slow down in speaking a bit, but otherwise, your voice makes your documentaries very easy and enjoyable to listen to. You should do a podcast if that interests you.

[harrietharlow]

This is the best volcano documentary I've watched in some time. Very well-done, lots of information. Lrt us hope that Campi Flegrei never erupts. It's easy to see why it might have wiped out the Neanderthals.

[gcks]

Very good I have been watching Campi for years tic tic tic,

[christianefiorito]

I love long videos. I used to live there during the eighties. I love this special place from Vesuvius to Solfatara. I met my first husband during an earthquake of the Bradhesismo. For me it is magical. Whole Roman cities under water, Napoli sotteranea, Pompeji the whole area between pozzuoli, Licola( monte nuovo), to Capo miseno.

[moosifer]

And the Italians thought Covid was scarey! Europe, indeed the World, take heed. Hey, you just got a new Subscriber - watched the Hong Kong Supervolcano, more please, NO FURTHER coverage of Yellowstone, the US is NOT the ONLY Country on OUR PLANET! Regards from an ex Geology Student, looking forward to more content, good luck with the channel.

[AuntLizzie]

Extremely interesting - will have to watch this is sections to take it all in. Mind-blowing stuff!

[Kjt]

So now the voice of my nightmares is an Aussie lol. Fascinating and terrifying. Well done.