Bell test experiments | Wikipedia audio article

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00:01:45 1 Overview
00:06:13 2 Conduct of optical Bell test experiments
00:06:52 2.1 A typical CHSH (two-channel) experiment
00:09:07 2.2 A typical CH74 (single-channel) experiment
00:11:01 3 Experimental assumptions
00:12:25 4 Notable experiments
00:13:30 4.1 Freedman and Clauser (1972)
00:13:51 4.2 Aspect et al. (1982)
00:14:28 4.3 Tittel et al. (1998)
00:15:00 4.4 Weihs et al. (1998): experiment under "strict Einstein locality" conditions
00:15:43 4.5 Pan et al. (2000) experiment on the GHZ state
00:16:04 4.6 Rowe et al. (2001): the first to close the detection loophole
00:16:33 4.7 Gröblacher et al. (2007) test of Leggett-type non-local realist theories
00:17:02 4.8 Salart et al. (2008): separation in a Bell Test
00:17:28 4.9 Ansmann et al. (2009): overcoming the detection loophole in solid state
00:18:04 4.10 Giustina et al. (2013), Larsson et al (2014): overcoming the detection loophole for photons
00:18:35 4.11 Christensen et al. (2013): overcoming the detection loophole for photons
00:19:38 4.12 Hensen et al., Giustina et al., Shalm et al. (2015): "loophole-free" Bell tests
00:21:34 4.13 Schmied et al. (2016): Detection of Bell correlations in a many-body system
00:22:12 4.14 Handsteiner et al. (2017): "Cosmic Bell Test" - Measurement Settings from Milky Way Stars
00:22:55 4.15 Rosenfeld et al. (2017): "Event-Ready" Bell test with entangled atoms and closed detection and locality loopholes
00:23:32 4.16 The BIG Bell Test Collaboration (2018): "Challenging local realism with human choices"
00:23:59 5 Loopholes
00:24:06 6 See also
00:24:22 7 References
00:24:46 8 Further reading
00:27:09 See also



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"There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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A Bell test experiment or Bell's inequality experiment, also simply a Bell test, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to two other concepts: the principle of locality and Einstein's concept of "local realism". The experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the presence of some additional local variables (called "hidden" because they are not a feature of quantum theory) to explain the behavior of particles like photons and electrons. According to Bell's theorem, if nature actually operates in accord with any theory of local hidden variables, then the results of a Bell test will be constrained in a particular, quantifiable way. If a Bell test is performed in a laboratory and the results are not thus constrained, then they are inconsistent with the hypothesis that local hidden variables exist. Such results would support the position that there is no way to explain the phenomena of quantum mechanics in terms of a more fundamental description of nature that is more in line with the rules of classical physics. Many types of Bell test have been performed in physics laboratories, often with the goal of ameliorating problems of experimental design or set-up that could in principle affect the validity of the findings of earlier Bell tests. This is known as "closing loopholes in Bell test experiments".
In a novel experiment conducted in 2016, over 100,000 volunteers participated in an online video game that used human choices to produce the data for researchers conducting multiple independent tests across the globe. To date, this, and all prior Bell tests, have found that the hypothesis of local hidden variables is inconsistent with the way that physical systems behave.