A Complete Guide on How to Split Python Code into Multiple Files and Share Variables

Discover the best practices for `organizing Python code` by splitting it into multiple files while effectively sharing variables. Learn how to maintain global states without the hassle of cumbersome variable transfers.
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A Complete Guide on How to Split Python Code into Multiple Files and Share Variables

When working on a large Python project, it's common to encounter the need to organize your code better. If you have a colossal 5000-lined file, you may find it challenging to navigate through the sea of lines, functions, and classes. The natural inclination is to split your code into several files. However, one of the most significant dilemmas you might face is how to share the same variables across these files seamlessly. In this guide, we’ll discuss how to achieve this without overwhelming yourself with cumbersome variable transfers.

The Challenge of Splitting Python Code

The main problem arises when dividing your large Python script into smaller modules while needing to maintain the scope of shared variables. Instead of passing variables from one file to another repeatedly, you can employ structured methods to maintain organization and clarity within your codebase.

Step-by-Step Solution

Thanks to helpful suggestions from the community, here's a structured approach to effectively split your code while sharing variables. Follow these steps:

1. List All Global Variables

Start by thoroughly reading through your codebase to identify all global variables. Take note of their usage as this will help you determine which ones should be preserved across different files.

2. Refactor Global Variables into Classes

To streamline your workflow, consider moving global variables into structured classes. For example:

Organizing variables like this not only reduces clutter but also provides context to the variables' usage.

3. Split Classes into Separate Files

With your classes defined, you can then transfer these classes into their designated .py files. Each file should ideally contain a related set of functionalities to maintain coherence and improve manageability.

4. Import Modules in Every File

Although importing modules in every file might seem slow, it is crucial for maintaining variable integrity. Ensure that each file has the necessary import statements to access shared classes and variables.

5. Handle Remaining Global Variables

After refactoring your primary classes, there may still be a few global variables left to manage. For those remaining variables, you can create a centralized ‘main’ file where you store them and then send them to the other files as necessary.

Example of Class Structure Prior to Splitting

Before we refactored things, your main file structure may have looked something like this:

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Post-refactor, your structure could now look like:

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Conclusion

By following these steps, you can split your cumbersome Python script into manageable pieces while effectively sharing variables across files. Not only does this make navigating and maintaining your code simpler, but it also contributes to a cleaner and more organized development process.

Now, instead of scrolling through thousands of lines to find a specific class or variable, you can modularize your work effectively! Happy coding!