EFFECTS of the Cold War [AP World History] Unit 8 Topic 3 (8.3)

AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):

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In this video Heimler walks you through the effects of the Cold War including military alliances (NATO and the Warsaw Pact), proxy wars (Korea, Angola, and Nicaragua), and nuclear proliferation.

All of this aligns with Unit 8 Topic 3 (8.3) of the AP World History Curriculum.

[arnavprabhu]

Timestamps for studying
00:25 - Military Alliances
01:38 - Proxy Wars
04:29 - Proliferation
00:00 - 06:28 - Heimler Teaching us what the teachers didn't.

[anikethmalyala]

So what im getting wars are just pokemon battles

[luvvvfear]

thanks for these videos Heimler! they have helped me in even the toughest of times. really appreciate your hard work!

[ae]

The cold war produced new military alliances, proxy wars, and the buildup of nuclear weapons.
-The Nato (North Atlantic treaty organization) was a mutual military alliance
-the soviets formed their own military alliance in 1955 called the Warsaw impact
- Proxy wars were small localized wars in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
-America and the soviet union basically used Korea to fight each other without actually fighting eatchother
-The Angolan civil war became a battlefield for a larger conflict, the cold war
-the soviet leader shipped nuclear missiles to Cuba until us found the missile sites
-after the discovery of the missiles President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to surround the island of Cuba

[valeriasalazar]

you are the only thing getting me through quarantine

[isabellaestrada]

Helped me understand more deeply about the COLD WAR

Make sure to write these down because they are important effects to understand!


00:37 - Military Alliances
01:39 - Proxy Wars
04:33 - Nuclear Proliferation (build-up of nuclear weapons)


Thank you so much for the HELP Heimler! Much appreciated!

[kevinlove]

One of the major problems with proxy wars is that after they are over, the victorious proxy has a nasty habit of ungratefully turning upon its former benefactor. I will give two examples, one from each side of the Cold War.


1. After the Vietnam War, the victorious Vietnamese government turned upon its former benefactor, Communist China. Things got so bad that in 1979 the government of China said, "We will teach them a lesson!" and launched a military invasion of Vietnam. It was the Chinese who got taught that particular lesson, as the battle-hardened veteran Vietnamese Army conducted a skillful defence of their country and the Chinese invasion went nowhere. The Chinese promptly declared victory "We taught them a lesson!" and went home.


2. During the Soviet-Afghan War, the CIA promiscuously handed out weapons, money and other assistance to anyone who was effectively fighting the Soviet Union. One such CIA client was a certain Osama bin Laden. Apparently nobody in the CIA thought to ask him, "So, Osama, after you defeat the Soviet Union, what's next on your to-do list?"


I might add that this is not the first time that a US proxy turned into a terrorist organization. Another example was the Fenian Raids during the 19th century US/British Cold War. The Fenian Raids culminated in the Battle of Ridgeway in 1866. During the Ridgeway campaign, over 1, 000 armed Irishmen of the Fenian Brotherhood invaded Canada from upstate New York. Their goal was to conquer Canada and then trade it for an independent Ireland. Needless to say, the Canadians had certain objections to this plan.


After this, the US government decided that it was not a good idea to allow the USA to be used as a base to invade Canada. And the Fenian Brotherhood morphed into the Irish Republican Army (IRA). So here is a message to the US government: Be more careful that your proxies do not turn into terrorist organizations.

[rhondacosby]

Videos 8.1-8.3 are FANTASTIC for my Cold War online unit for Social 30 in Alberta. THANK YOU SO MUCH! :-)

[aryanahuja]

Lol, even though I study AP World, I am 60% here to study for the Trivia Crack game and 40% because I am actually interested. Don't take me wrong though, I like History!

[LootBoxyt]

make a review video for units 1-6 please

[gmstone]

watching this 23 minutes before my exam!!

[xeshiUK]

Got a 7/7 on my DBQ today thanks for the help!!

[calebmedina]

I am a bit confused. If we are only going to be tested only on units 1-6 (about I think 1450 to 1900), why is collegeboard going to give a lesson on the cold war?

[katkat]

hi! this is my share of notes:
Military alliances
—> North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 1949 was created to avoid the soviets and communism. countries include: US, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Iceland, Luxembourg, Italy, the netherlands.
—> 1955 soviets created their own alliance called the warsaw pact: soviet union, czechoslovakia, east germany, romania, hungary, poland, albania, bulgaria.
Proxy Wars
—> there were indirect fighting in asia, africa, latin america, carribean.
—> Korean War: allies divided north and south korea. soviet sided with north and south sided with US and its allies. In 1950 north invaded south so the US aided south. soviets didnt supply troops to north but sent guns and bombs. china fear that un forces wouldd invade china so they sent troops to north. 1953 the conflict ended with two remaining countries divided. this way it was an indirect fighting between the soviets and the US.
Nuclear Proliferation
—> Cuban Missile Crisis 1962: after a failed attempt by the US to oust fidel castro in cuba, Soviet leader sent buttloads of nuclear missiles to cuba.
—> US was also known to send nuclear weapons in turkey. bruh.
—> US sent naval armies to surround Cuba which then led to declaration of war. everyone backed down tho and no nuclear was fired thank god.
—> 1958 nuclear non proliferation treaty was created. they call on non nuclear countries to NOT create nuclear weapons.


Feel free to note out if there are any mistakes:)

[Solbashio]

*when an event like the cold war isn't even needed to pass the exam*

[amirahali]

Mr.Heimler idk if your seeing this but is it okie if you make a video on how to write frq and how to format them for Ap world history. My teacher has not gone over them nor did I have any practice:(.

[mattm]

Can you believe that Japan invading China prompted a hold on the civil war between the Nationalist Party, that overthrew the Qing Dynasty, and the Communist Party, which had popular support; which led to them working together to prevent Japanese invaders, only contributing to the growing influence of the Communist Party due to their greater success, which allowed them to distribute land to peasants and improve living conditions?

[graceneedham]

anyone else here after they predicted the dbq lol

[Sarah-hlnl]

my notes:

Cold War did not produce open warfare between the United States and the Soviet Union, but it did produce the following: new military alliances, proxy wars, and the buildup of nuclear weapons
Military Alliances
The Soviet Union occupied much of Eastern Europe into what’s called the Soviet Bloc, or the communist bloc
installed communist governments in those countries and made their economies serve the Soviet Union and not their own populations
bc of this, the countries in Western Europe got a little twitchy at the thought of having all those communists in their backyards
result of this, these western nations formed a mutual military alliance called North Atlantic Treaty Organization or (NATO) in 1949
alliance of nations against the Soviets included the United States, Great Britain, France, Canada, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Denmark, Portugal, Iceland, Italy, and the Netherlands
Soviets formed their own military alliance in 1955 called the Warsaw Pact
included the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Albania, and Bulgaria
Proxy Wars
bc the Cold War was cold meaning there was no direct fighting between the two powers
all sorts of indirect fighting *proxy war
Proxy: when one thing stands in for another thing
proxy wars were just small, localized wars in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, but they took on this global significance when the United States and Russia started taking different sides of these little wars
lots of these we could possibly consider during this time, but we’re only going to look at three: one in Korea, one in Angola, and one in Nicaragua
1. Korean War
after WW2 ended the Allies divided Korea into North and South Korea
north was occupied by the Soviets, and the South was occupied by the U.S. and its allies
1950 North Korea invaded South Korea to create a single state under its own leadership
United Nations came to the aid of South Korea *mostly the United States
Soviets didn’t apply any troops to the North Koreans to help, but they did send tons of guns, and boom boom
The United States and the Soviet Union fought each other without actually fighting each other
UN forces pushed the North Koreans all the way up to the Chinese border
China saw this and started to fear that the UN forces would then go ahead and invade China, so what they did is they sent troops to aid the North Koreans
North Koreans pushed the UN forces all the way back below the 38th parallel
by 1953 the conflict ended in a stalemate because everything in the two countries remained largely as they were before the war, except that three million people were dead as a result
2. Angolan Civil War *started in 1975
Angola was a colony of Portugal, and as is the custom with imperial powers, they went ahead and drew borders around rival people groups and just threw them together under one government
each of these groups fought against the Portuguese and actually won their independence
once they were free, the real question became: which one of these rival groups is actually going to have power in a free Angola?
seems like a nice, tidy little conflict down in Sub-Saharan Africa
United States backed one of these groups, the Soviet Union backed another, and South Africa backed yet another
The Angolan Civil War became another battleground for the larger conflict of the Cold War
3. Contra War in Nicaragua
In 1979 the Sandinista National Liberation Front, who were self-proclaimed socialists, seized power in Nicaragua
two years later the U.S. backed a group of contras who tried to overthrow the Sandinistas, who in turn had support from the Soviet Union
attempted to overthrow the contras committed many human rights violations, and in the end, the conflict ended in a cease-fire, and the Sandinistas were handily defeated in the next election
Proliferation or the buildup of nuclear weapons
crisis moment for this race came in 1962 with the Cuban Missile Crisis
So after a failed attempt by the United States to oust communist leader Fidel Castro in Cuba, the Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev shipped a whole buttload of nuclear missiles to Cuba
Soviets had already developed missiles that were capable of carrying nuclear warheads and could hit targets in the U.S.
in 1962 U.S. spy planes discovered these missile sites, and understandably the U.S. was outraged
basically did the same thing by placing nuclear missiles in Turkey which shared a border with the Soviet Union
after the discovery of these missiles, U.S. President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to surround the island of Cuba
if you’re Fidel Castro and the U.S. navy sends warships to surround your island, that is not a neutral action.
declaration of war
for thirteen intense and anxiety-filled days, everybody in America, and around the world was starting to wonder: is this the day I’m going to get blown up?
they never actually fired those missiles, and everybody eventually backed down
in 1968 we see the creation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
call on nuclear powers to prevent non-nuclear nations from developing such disastrous weapons

[laurenhubert]

Notes:
Cold War was not direct fighting but they fought through other countries
Produced:
New Military Alliances, western nations make NATO in 1949 (alliance against soviet union)
Warsaw pact - soviet alliance
Proxy Wars: small, localized wars in africa, asia, latin america - global significance when US and russia take sides
Korean War = Divided (N soviets, S US) War, US came to S K aid, S came to N K aid. ended at stalemate
Angolan Civil War = US backed one, SU backed one, South Africa backed one
Contra War in Nicaragua: US backed people to throw "socialists, " SU backed them

Nuclear Proliferation: 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
Missiles in Cuba, US discovered and was outraged but had done the same by putting missiles in Turkey
US surrounded Cuba, basically act of war but everyone backed down
Showed that nuclear weapons was problems
Everyone didn't like nuclear stuff basically