Using raiseerror command in SQL Server

using the `raiserror` command in sql server: a comprehensive tutorial

the `raiserror` command in sql server is a powerful tool for generating custom error messages and controlling how those messages are handled. it allows you to define the severity and state of the error, pass custom parameters into the error message, and even log the error in the sql server error log. this tutorial provides a detailed explanation of `raiserror`, covering its syntax, options, best practices, and various use cases with illustrative code examples.

**i. syntax:**

the basic syntax of the `raiserror` command is:

let's break down each component:

* **`raiserror`:** the command itself.

* **`{ msg_id | msg_str }`:** this is the heart of the command. you have two options:

* **`msg_str`:** a string literal representing the error message text. this is useful for simple errors and quick prototyping but less ideal for production systems where message management and consistency are vital. `msg_str` can be up to 2047 characters long (starting with sql server 2012). earlier versions had a lower limit (255 characters).
* when using `msg_str`, format placeholders such as `%s`, `%d`, `%i`, `%f`, `%ld`, `%u`, `%x`, `%x`, `%c`, `%b`, and `%e` are supported for substituting arguments into the message. these placeholders are similar to the `printf` function in c.

* **`severity`:** an integer value between 0 and 25 (inclusive) representing the severity level of the error. this determines how the error is handled by sql server and the client application. important severity levels:

* **0-10:** informational messages. these are generally not considered errors. often used to provid ...

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