Trans-Neptunian object | Wikipedia audio article

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00:01:32 1 History
00:01:41 1.1 Discovery of Pluto
00:02:36 1.2 Subsequent discoveries
00:04:10 2 Classification
00:05:08 2.1 KBOs
00:06:06 2.2 SDOs
00:07:08 3 Physical characteristics
00:09:07 3.1 Color indices
00:10:01 3.2 Spectral type
00:10:11 3.3 Size determination and distribution
00:11:01 4 Notable objects
00:11:19 5 Exploration
00:12:54 6 Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects
00:15:12 7 See also
00:15:22 8 Notes
00:16:19 9 References
00:17:08 10 External links



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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A trans-Neptunian object (TNO), also written transneptunian object, is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has a semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (AU).
Typically, TNOs are further divided into the classical and resonant objects of the Kuiper belt, the scattered disc and detached objects with the sednoids being the most distant ones. As of October 2018, the catalog of minor planets contains 528 numbered and more than 2,000 unnumbered TNOs.The first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered was Pluto in 1930. It took until 1992 to discover a second trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun directly, 15760 Albion. The most massive TNO known is Eris, followed by Pluto, 2007 OR10, Makemake and Haumea. More than 80 satellites have been discovered in orbit of trans-Neptunian objects. TNOs vary in color and are either grey-blue (BB) or very red (RR). They are thought to be composed of mixtures of rock, amorphous carbon and volatile ices such as water and methane, coated with tholins and other organic compounds.
Twelve minor planets with a semi-major axis greater than 150 AU and perihelion greater than 30 AU are known, which are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs).