NETWORK TOPOLOGY TYPES

Bus Topology:

Devices are connected to a central cable called a bus.
Data is transmitted in both directions along the bus.
Each device receives the data and checks if it's addressed to them.
Simple and inexpensive to implement.
Prone to single point failures, as an issue with the bus can disrupt the entire network.
Star Topology:

Each device is connected to a central hub or switch.
All data traffic passes through the hub or switch.
If one device fails, it does not affect the other devices.
Easy to troubleshoot and scale by adding or removing devices.
The central hub becomes a single point of failure.
Ring Topology:

Devices are connected in a circular loop.
Data circulates around the ring in one direction.
Each device reads the data and forwards it to the next device.
Provides equal access to all devices.
Susceptible to failures if one device or the communication link fails.
Mesh Topology:

Every device is connected to every other device in the network.
Provides redundant paths for data transmission.
Increases reliability and fault tolerance.
Offers high scalability and flexibility.
Requires more cabling and can be complex to manage.
Tree (Hierarchical) Topology:

Devices are arranged in a hierarchical structure.
Consists of multiple levels of interconnected devices.
Top-level devices connect to lower-level devices.
Commonly used in large networks like WANs.
Offers efficient network management and scalability.
Hybrid Topology:

Combination of two or more different topologies.
Customized to meet specific network requirements.
Can take advantage of the strengths of different topologies.
Offers flexibility and scalability.
Can be more complex to design and manage compared to single topologies.

There are several types of network topologies, which describe the physical or logical arrangement of network devices and how they are connected to each other. Here are some common types of network topologies:

1. Bus Topology: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a central cable called a bus. Data is transmitted in both directions along the bus, and each device receives the data and checks if it's addressed to them. It is a simple topology but can be prone to single point failures.

2. Star Topology: In a star topology, each device is connected to a central hub or switch. All data traffic passes through the hub or switch, which manages the communication between devices. If one device fails, it does not affect the other devices, but the central hub becomes a single point of failure.

3. Ring Topology: In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular loop, where the output of one device is connected to the input of the next device, forming a closed ring. Data circulates around the ring in one direction, and each device reads the data and forwards it to the next device. Ring topologies provide equal access to all devices but can be susceptible to failures if one device or the communication link fails.

4. Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, every device is connected to every other device in the network. It provides redundant paths for data transmission, which increases reliability and fault tolerance. Mesh topologies can be either full mesh (all devices connected to each other) or partial mesh (only some devices have multiple connections).

5. Tree (Hierarchical) Topology: A tree topology is a hierarchical arrangement of devices, similar to an organizational hierarchy. It consists of multiple levels of interconnected devices, where the top-level device connects to the lower-level devices, forming a tree-like structure. This topology is commonly used in large networks such as WANs (Wide Area Networks).

6. Hybrid Topology: A hybrid topology combines two or more different types of topologies to form a more complex network. For example, a network may have a combination of star and ring topologies, or a combination of mesh and tree topologies. Hybrid topologies can be designed to meet specific network requirements.

These are some of the commonly used network topologies. The choice of a specific topology depends on factors such as network size, scalability, fault tolerance, cost, and the type of applications or services running on the network.