Measurements: Introduction to Physical Quantities & fundamental Units

Physical Quantity:- Any measurable property of an object, material, process or phenomenon is called physical quantity. e.g. length, mass, time etc.
The physical quantities are of two types. 1 Fundamental physical quantities 2. Derived Physical quantities.
The physical quantity which does not depend on any other physical quantity is called fundamental physical quantity.
The physical quantity which cannot be measured directly, and it is required to measure one or more other quantities before its measurement, is called derived physical quantity.
Unit: A reference standard used to measure physical quantity is called unit.
units are also of two types.
1 fundamental unit, 2. Derived units.
A set of some fundamental & derived units is called system of units.
e.g. FPS (FPS:FOOT, POUND,SECOND) system,
CGS ( CENTIMETER, GRAM, SECOND) System,
MKS (METRE, KILOGRAM, SECOND) System.
These systems have three fundamental physical quantities viz: length, mass, time.
International system of Units (SI System), established in 1960, has 07 fundamental units, 02 supplementary units & many derived units.
Length: meter,
Mass: Kilogram
Time:second
Temperature: kelvin
Electric current:ampere
Luminous intensity : candela
Amount of substance: mole
Supplementary Units:
Plane angle: Radian
Solid angle: Steradian.

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