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Simulation and Analysis of Integrated On-Board Charger for Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicle
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This example shows how to model an on-board charger for a two-wheeler vehicle by using an AC-DC converter and a DC-DC converter to achieve Unity Power Factor (UPF) operation and Constant Current (CC) battery charging.
An on-board charger for a two-wheeler electric vehicle (EV) is a device that is used to charge the battery of the EV while it is in use.
The on-board charger typically includes a power electronics converter, which converts the AC power from the power grid to the DC power required by the EV's battery.
The charger also includes a control system, which regulates the charging process and ensures that the battery is charged in a safe and efficient manner.
There are different types of on-board chargers available for two-wheeler EVs, including:
Off-board chargers: These chargers are separate from the EV and are typically plugged into a standard electrical outlet. The EV is then connected to the charger using a cable.
On-board chargers: These chargers are integrated into the EV and can be charged while the EV is in use. They are typically more convenient than off-board chargers, but are also more expensive.
Inductive chargers: These chargers use magnetic induction to charge the battery without the need for a physical connection. They are becoming more popular in two-wheeler EV market.
Specifications of the on-board charger are
Power : 1kW, AC Voltage : 230V,50Hz, Intermediate capacitor voltage:400V, Battery voltage : 60V, Battery capacity : 50Ah, Battery charging current : 16.67A
The intermediate capacitor and battery charging current are maintained at 400V and 16.67A respectively.
For a two wheeler vehicle, this example models the AC-DC converter by using a totem pole converter instead of a boost PFC converter due to its higher efficiency. The converter is rated at 400 V and 10 A.
To provide galvanic isolation between the battery and the grid, this example uses an isolated full bridge converter.
The high-frequency inverter connected to the primary side of the transformer is rated at 400 V and 6A. The diodes connected to the secondary side of the transformer are rated at 150 V and 20 A.
A totem pole converter is a type of power electronic converter that is used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage, or vice versa. It is called a "totem pole" converter because it uses two power transistors, one in the "on" state and the other in the "off" state, connected in series. This creates a "totem pole" configuration.
There are two main types of totem pole converters:
PWM Totem pole converter: A PWM (pulse width modulation) totem pole converter uses a switching circuit to control the amount of time that the transistors spend in the "on" state. This allows for precise control of the output voltage and current.
PFM Totem pole converter: A PFM (pulse frequency modulation) totem pole converter uses a switching circuit to control the frequency at which the transistors switch on and off. This allows for a less precise control of the output voltage and current, but it allows for less power loss.
You can model the isolated DC-DC converter with three fidelity levels:
Average fidelity: This variant achieves fastest simulation times with slight reduction in accuracy in transient condition. This is the default option.
Averaged Switching: This variant uses averaged switching to achieve a faster simulation time. You can use this fidelity level to verify the operation of the converter.
Switching : Use this variant to calculate converter losses and to estimate its efficiency.
The EV battery pack models the battery cells connected in series and in parallel and the sensors that measure the battery terminal voltage and output current.
A Battery (Table-based) block from the Simscape Electrical (TM) library models the individual cell of the battery back.
The Battery (Table-based) block uses the Panasonic NCRBD18650 pre-parameterization, which is rated at 3.6 V, 3.03 Ah.
The configuration of the batteries in the battery pack meets the required voltage and ampere-hour specifications.
The plot belows shows the DC bus voltage, grid current, battery terminal voltage, and charging current for the ideal switching totem pole converter and for the average DC-DC converter.
In the totem pole converter, the calculation of the losses considers the device losses, such as conduction and switching losses, and the passive loss from the inductor.
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This example shows how to model an on-board charger for a two-wheeler vehicle by using an AC-DC converter and a DC-DC converter to achieve Unity Power Factor (UPF) operation and Constant Current (CC) battery charging.
An on-board charger for a two-wheeler electric vehicle (EV) is a device that is used to charge the battery of the EV while it is in use.
The on-board charger typically includes a power electronics converter, which converts the AC power from the power grid to the DC power required by the EV's battery.
The charger also includes a control system, which regulates the charging process and ensures that the battery is charged in a safe and efficient manner.
There are different types of on-board chargers available for two-wheeler EVs, including:
Off-board chargers: These chargers are separate from the EV and are typically plugged into a standard electrical outlet. The EV is then connected to the charger using a cable.
On-board chargers: These chargers are integrated into the EV and can be charged while the EV is in use. They are typically more convenient than off-board chargers, but are also more expensive.
Inductive chargers: These chargers use magnetic induction to charge the battery without the need for a physical connection. They are becoming more popular in two-wheeler EV market.
Specifications of the on-board charger are
Power : 1kW, AC Voltage : 230V,50Hz, Intermediate capacitor voltage:400V, Battery voltage : 60V, Battery capacity : 50Ah, Battery charging current : 16.67A
The intermediate capacitor and battery charging current are maintained at 400V and 16.67A respectively.
For a two wheeler vehicle, this example models the AC-DC converter by using a totem pole converter instead of a boost PFC converter due to its higher efficiency. The converter is rated at 400 V and 10 A.
To provide galvanic isolation between the battery and the grid, this example uses an isolated full bridge converter.
The high-frequency inverter connected to the primary side of the transformer is rated at 400 V and 6A. The diodes connected to the secondary side of the transformer are rated at 150 V and 20 A.
A totem pole converter is a type of power electronic converter that is used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage, or vice versa. It is called a "totem pole" converter because it uses two power transistors, one in the "on" state and the other in the "off" state, connected in series. This creates a "totem pole" configuration.
There are two main types of totem pole converters:
PWM Totem pole converter: A PWM (pulse width modulation) totem pole converter uses a switching circuit to control the amount of time that the transistors spend in the "on" state. This allows for precise control of the output voltage and current.
PFM Totem pole converter: A PFM (pulse frequency modulation) totem pole converter uses a switching circuit to control the frequency at which the transistors switch on and off. This allows for a less precise control of the output voltage and current, but it allows for less power loss.
You can model the isolated DC-DC converter with three fidelity levels:
Average fidelity: This variant achieves fastest simulation times with slight reduction in accuracy in transient condition. This is the default option.
Averaged Switching: This variant uses averaged switching to achieve a faster simulation time. You can use this fidelity level to verify the operation of the converter.
Switching : Use this variant to calculate converter losses and to estimate its efficiency.
The EV battery pack models the battery cells connected in series and in parallel and the sensors that measure the battery terminal voltage and output current.
A Battery (Table-based) block from the Simscape Electrical (TM) library models the individual cell of the battery back.
The Battery (Table-based) block uses the Panasonic NCRBD18650 pre-parameterization, which is rated at 3.6 V, 3.03 Ah.
The configuration of the batteries in the battery pack meets the required voltage and ampere-hour specifications.
The plot belows shows the DC bus voltage, grid current, battery terminal voltage, and charging current for the ideal switching totem pole converter and for the average DC-DC converter.
In the totem pole converter, the calculation of the losses considers the device losses, such as conduction and switching losses, and the passive loss from the inductor.
Click Here to download the file:
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