How Does Electric Power Steering Work?

What is a Steering?

“Turning” is a fundamental function of a vehicle that is produced by a steering system that changes the vehicle direction by turning the steering wheel which further turns the tires. A power steering system is a mechanical device that helps the driver to turn the vehicle by increasing the steering force required to turn the wheels, which makes it easier to steer or move the vehicle.

The power steering pump compresses and ensures the hydraulic fluid enters the vehicle’s power steering system, which supports the driver to steer the vehicle’s steering wheels.

An electric or hydraulic actuator provides controlled power to the steering device so that the driver can put less energy to steer the steering wheel when driving at normal speeds or when the vehicle is stationary.
The power steering systems are designed in such a way that they provide artificial feedback about the forces acting on the wheels. This system had a slotted rotor that turns to allow fluid to enter the pump. As the fluid goes in the rotor, it continues to revolve, moving the fluid to the drain port. At this stage, the fluid introduces a reservoir in the steering system, where the reservoir helps the steering mechanism to utilize the appropriate pressure to keep the wheels turning smoothly.

A vehicle’s steering system is an essential component of vehicle dynamics, which combines several mechanical parts at specific wrench angles to steer the vehicle’s front wheels in response to passenger inputs through steering wheels. Nowadays, 80% of all vehicles on the road have power steering systems that have become an essential requirement of every vehicle.
How does a Steering System work?

A steering system transforms the rotary motion of the steering wheel into a swiveling motion of the road wheel so that the rims of the steering wheel can steer a long distance to move the road wheel a short distance.

The power steering system works differently depending on the force multiplier used. Therefore, to understand how power steering works, these methods need to be explained individually.
) Hydraulic Power Steering System

The hydraulic power steering (HPS) system uses a hydraulic system to increase the steering input force and smoothly steer the front wheels. This force produces through a chain of different parts such as highly compressed hydraulic oil, hydraulic lines, hydraulic rotor pump, hydraulic cylinder, and a linking mechanism that connects the hydraulic system to the steering system. The hydraulic steering system works in the following way:

-As the driver sends input by turning the steering wheel, the engine-driven hydraulic pump initiates pumping the highly pressurized hydraulic oil through the line.
- The hydraulic force produced by the pump enters into the cylinder, which smears this pressure to the hydraulic cylinder piston.
-The high-pressure piston starts running from one end to the other, pushing more fluid through the line. As the piston moves, the driver’s input force multiplies numerous times.
-Next, the high-pressure fluid delivered by the cylinder employs pressure to the pinions connected with the clutch device, thereby applying a large force to the rack gear to steer the front wheels.
Electric Power Steering System (EPS)

In the types of steering systems, an electric power system is the latest system. This is because, in this system, an electric motor uses to multiply the steering input force instead of the hydraulic fluid. The working of the electric steering system is given below:

-As the driver sends input via the steering wheel, an electronic sensor mounted on the steering column detects the inputs and sends them to the automobile’s ECU (electrical control unit).
-The automobile’s ECU analyzes the steering wheel input and delivers a voltage signal to the electric motor at the end of the steering column. The gears of the electric motor always mesh with the pinion gears.
-The electrical control unit sends the voltage signal so that the electric motor powered by the automobile’s battery can start and can deliver a specific torque based on the received voltage signal’s value.
-As soon as the motor starts, the gears which maintain constant mesh with the pinion gears begin to transmit the multiplied torque to the pinion, which transfers this torque to the fixed rack.
-When this pinion exerts a torque on the rack, the rack moves to steer the front wheels as needed (via linked tie rods).
Types of Power Steering System

The power steering system has the following three types:

-Hydraulic steering system
- Electric steering system
- Electro-hydraulic steering system

[kayvonmansouri]

I love it. Effortless and quiet, and no fluid to mess with

[j.]

Best diagram and explanation of of the electric power steering.

[idworkhard]

I usually don't like electronic things in cars apart from the absolute essentials...to me what the electrically assisted steering did to steering is what fuel injection did to fuel delivery to engine - clean and efficient! But I hate the electronic e-brake...still prefer the cable operated handbrake. If anyone comes up with a electronic system that emulates the traditional handbrake, I am ALL FOR IT.

[Eaw]

Make sure fuses are clean and plugged in tight . The do vibrate loose sometimes.

[ChaddyMack]

Chevy malibu 2012, electric power steering. Mines going out . It keeps turning on n off everytime I start it. Sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't. New battery, terminals are tight. Do i need to change the motor and sensor out? How would I know which 1 I need to change

[MS--Y]

The 70's music is making it difficult to concentrate on the details of the device. How about some verbal explanations instead of the disco music?

[Teesuperprettibeauty]

My car loses power due to my electric power steering that & my steering wheel light is on. 😐😐 ughhhh I hope it’s not expensive to fix. Like I am so used to a standard power steering when you put Fluid in it.. but mines is electric

[flyurway]

The hell with the damn music, I can't stand trying to watch a video and read subtitles at the same time. Just narrate the damn thing.

[Balakumaran_k]

Automotive electronics sir pakka sonnara bro?

[Othksjsj]

I have lexus car is 200 2016, at 130 km/h speed after some time the power steering hard to move and idea what is the causes??!

[GhostshooterGames]

I have a 2016 charger, I can't move the steering wheel, it's very hard

[enzone.g]

how does the steering stopper works on electronic power steering?

[Sword.and.Shield_]

Why does is sound like its rubbing something when its cold weather?

[emmanuelodhiambo]

My Steering wheel suddenly started to become hard on Park and Neutral but turns normally on Driive and Reverse gear. When that happens, the PS light illuminates and goes off when i engage the Drive or Reverse gear. Any idea on what i should do to get it sorted? Its a 2006 Toyota Crown.

[brynx]

so it uses a torqur multipier, got it

[joecar]

Uses closed loop feedback to control the amount of assist.

[Spiritfingerz]

Looking for help from anyone. I think my vehicle has this setup. But when I turn the steering wheel to the right. It makes a low frequency squeaking sound. Any suggestions on what it may be? It’s only when I turn to the right.

[incoomnana]

Please my Elantra 2012
EPS comes on when you fix the battery well it goes off

Please is there any solution

[Crusader]

Yeah, more Electronics what if the electric motor fails?

[lindsaydaniels]

Does electric power steering use power steering liquid?