The Electrical Grid and Electricity Supply | A Simple Explanation

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Learn how the power grid works and how electricity is delivered to your home! Learn all of an electrical grid’s main components, design features, and how it works! Essential knowledge for anyone working in the electrical engineering or power engineering industries!

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▶️How Electrical Grids Work

Electrical power is predominantly generated in power stations although smaller generation sites now exist (solar panel installations etc.). More than 95% of the world’s electrical power is generated from turbines. Turbines act as prime movers and cause rotors within generators to rotate.

Once electrical power has been generated, it is distributed through a series of conductors (think of copper or aluminium cables) to an electrical transformer.

Electrical transformers increase voltage and consequently reduce the current (Ohms law), but the power remains roughly the same. It is necessary to increase the voltage to reduce power losses (P=I^2R), but it also allows for the use of smaller conductors to be used. Transformers that increase voltage are referred to as ‘step-up’ transformers.

Conductors then feed from the transformer to a series of transmission towers (electrical pylons). Power reaches the area where it will be consumed and is reduced in voltage by a step-down transformer (voltage reducing transformer).

The equipment necessary to increase and reduce voltage (transformers, breakers, surge arresters etc.) are housed within structures known as ‘substations’ (normally open air switchyards).

It may be necessary to reduce the voltage several times until it reaches a level that is suitable for consumers (10 kV, 6 kV, 3 kV, 380 V etc.). The voltage required by consumers depends upon how the electrical power is utilised. Industrial plants require 3 phase medium voltage power whilst residential areas require single phase (1 phase) 220 V or 110 V. The power grid is split into generation, transmission and distribution sections.

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[savree-d]

Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one? Then visit:

Want to teach/instruct with the 3D models shown in this video? Then visit:

[adamcolbertmusic]

11:05 The reason that the transformer core is a bunch of laminate (insulated) metal sheets instead of a solid piece of steel, is to reduce magnetic field eddy currents. The purpose of the ferrous core is to merge the two coils' fields for greater induction efficiency; however, each electrified coil is turning the ferrous core into an electromagnet; and THIS electromagnet produces an additional magnetic field (the aforementioned eddy current). This eddy current works against the efficiency of the whole system! So the solution is "divide and conquer" and use several very small pieces of steel which are electrically insulated from one another, and this prevents the core from becoming a giant electromagnet (but rather numerous very weak ones).

[AnkushRattan]

I work as a generation dispatcher in a secure control room and this video really helped me understand how electricity is transferred from our generation stations to the individual residential consumer. The idea of transformers wasn't very clear to me until watching this, thank you!

[panossk]

I am an electrical engineer but this video was much more helpful than my school's notes. Really nice work!!!

[ivsk]

Excellent content. Even a non-technical guy can easily understand various intricacies of the subject. Thank you.

[siddharthkumar]

Sir, your's explanation is the best easy to understand and very informative including the minor detailed working of the system .
Thank you sir for such hard work

[ismaelmetero]

Amazing. As a software engineer i never could wrap my head around electricity.... but I clearly understand this explanation.

[ahmedalmazrouei]

Excellent explanation even for beginners from outside this industry. I believe these basics are enhancing every one’s knowledge. Keep it up and thanks for your efforts..

[pedrogouveia]

Great overview of the eletrical grid. Video with a fantastic quality and very pedagogical. Well done! I'll definitely follow another ones.

[omkarpatel]

Thank you for presenting so neatly! Presentation is the key to understand. Your video presentation is way worth more than school and college bookish crap. The purpose of voltage really made sense to me with this video presentation than what is presented in school textbooks.

[ericaasen]

I've been in the electrical field for 22 years. I've taught electrical theory and I run large commercial projects. This is a good, detailed explanation. Good job

[CLEFFJOE]

I like all your videos & you speak with clarity & in one of the most coherent fashions. I like your British/Australian ascent, animation etc. Keep it up

[kennethchristianguiwo]

I've just subscribed and im looking forward to learn more especially for the subjects of electrical engineering

[thaop.nguyen]

I'm starting out in the solar power industry, and this helps me a lot. Thank you!

[arelwarl]

great video, easy to gain knowledge on electrical with this video

[qavanemandilakhe]

Sir, you are a super star. Thw way you explain everything is marvelous

[vivwaghmare]

Brilliant explanation... Please keep up the great work.... 👍

[terrygwinn]

Great video. Thanks for taking complicated concept and making it understandable.

[silipaum]

Very good, man. Your videos helped me understand this things in a very deep way. Congrats!

[jlacko]

Hoping you can answer two questions I have on this topic: 1) What happens to electricity that is not consumed by the end users of the line? 2) How much extra energy is produced by an average grid as to prevent brown outs in everyday demand on the grid?