Python Tutorial for Beginners 3: Integers and Floats - Working with Numeric Data

In this Python Beginner Tutorial, we will begin learning about integers and floats. Integers and Floats allow us to work with numeric data in Python. We will be learning how to perform basic arithmetic, as well as how to compare numeric values. Let's get started.

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Some notes:


Numbers


Types :-
- int, normal integers like, -2, 3, 0 etc
- float, decimal/fractional values like, -0.4, 9.83 etc.

Arithmetic Operators :-
- 3 + 2 # Addition
- 3 - 2 # Subtraction
- 3 * 2 # Multiplication
- 3 / 2 # Division
- 3 // 2 # Floor Division (rounds float to int)
- 3 ** 2 # Exponent
- 3 % 2 # Modulus (remainder)

Comparisons :-
- return either true or false
- 3 == 2 # Equal
- 3 != 2 # Not Equal
- 3 > 2 # Greater Than
- 3 < 2 # Less Than
- 3 >= 2 # Greater or Equal
- 3 <= 2 # Less or Equal

Incrementing :-
num = 1
num += 1 # same as num = num + 1
# the "+" in += can be replaced by any other arthimetic Operators
# eg num *= 2, now num = num * 2 = 2. Similarly all other arthimetics.

Useful functions :-
1. Absolute value function - abs(value)
- gives the magnitude of integers.
- basically, removes the negative sign if there is one.
- abs(-3) # returns 3
2. round function - round(value) .
- Also accepts another argument to specify no. of digits
- after the decimal point to round the value off to.
- round(3.75) # returns 4
- round(3.75, 1) # returns 3.8, ie. 1 digit

Type conversion/casting :-
- int(value)
- num = "1"
int(num) # returns 1 as an integer

Miscellaneous :-
- Add parentheses () for enforcing precedence.
eg: 3 * (2+1) = 9
- you can use type(variable_or_value) to find the value's data type.

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[benderbendingrofriguez]

Interesting Fact: Pacman's famous kill screen was due to an integer overflow.