Figures of Speech (Part 2): Tropes and Schemes

This video extends Part 1 with more detailed explanations and examples of different categories of figures of speech and rhetorical devices. It includes the following examples, for

TROPES: simile, metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy, personification, euphemism, dysphemism, zeugma, onomatopoeia, anthimeria, periphrasis, hyperbole, litote, aporia, erotema, epiplexis, and oxymoron; and for

SCHEMES: antithesis, climax, anastrophe, parenthesis, ellipsis, alliteration, assonance, anaphora.

[CC] English

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FURTHER READING

This contains a complete course in advanced reading.

CHAPTERS
00:00 - Introduction and overview
00:38 - Literal and figurative language
01:00 - Definitions: Tropes and Schemes
01:39 - Disclaimers
02:04 - TROPES AND ITS CATEGORIES
02:11 - Referring to something as something else
02:17 - Simile
02:43 - Metaphors
03:17 - Difference between similes and metaphors
04:16 - Mixed metaphor or catachresis
05:31 - Personification.
05:56 - Metonymy
06:45 - Synecdoche (wholes and part)
07:32 - Euphemism and dysphemism
09:20 - Wordplay: onomatopoeia and puns
10:33 - Substitutions: anthimeria, periphrasis,
11:08 - Over - and understatements: hyperbole
11:41 - Understatement
11:55 - Semantic inversions: oxymoron
13:09 - Rhetorical questions: anthyphora, aporia, epiplexis, erotema
15:01 - Double negative or litote
16:00 - SCHEMES AND ITS CATEGORIES
16:27 - Parallelism
17:08 - Antithesis.
17:37 - Climax
18:04 - Zeugma
18:27 - Anastrophe
18:53 - Parenthesis
19:16 - Ellipsis
19:39 - Alliteration
19:55 - Assonance
20:06 - Anaphora
20:24 - Conclusions and the role of figurative language in communication

FURTHER READING

MUSIC
"And Then We Take Them Down Again" by Dokashiteru (feat. Susan Joseph)
"Together" by Aryll Fae (aka Artificial.Music) #reading #series

[Oliver-nnjm]

You are quite honestly the best online YouTube teacher I live how you look at the audience and have writing on the sides it's very convenient.

[MFHCtv]

I am 63 years old and I feel like going into high school learning again, but that makes me feel like 16 again. Thanks.

[ecemerdogan]

You are seriously the best teacher! Please keep going

[pauls]

Dr Franco's Snap Language videos are so fascinating, and get right to the point. I already saw Figures of Speech as schemes and tropes but, how I really wish I had seen this video first; it makes it both easy and enjoyable.

It's so true that there are lots of other ways to categorise figures of speech and their parts - and they can be very confusing. It reminds me of the fable of the cat and the fox. The fox boasted that he had thousands of tricks to avoid being caught by dogs. Then hunting dogs appeared. They chased the fox, who performed all of his tricks. But, the cat just ran up the tree and waited for the dogs to get bored and go away. Slightly before the dogs killed the poor fox, the cat shouted to him, "It seems that one trick that works is better than 1000 that do not."

Dr Franco's approach is, to me, is like the cat; it's one method that works as opposed to thousands that probably do not and simply confuse. Thank you, Snap Language. Another better than excellent video.

[tomthekhmerbreed]

Never think too much about how popular it is, but think about how useful it is to people. You sharing is very very important for language reaserchers! Hope your effort would go further and further in a very vast popularity!

[sambasivaraovejendla]

I am extremely lucky to come across this video on You Tube. It's so great. Thank you so much literally and heartfully Mr.Frances.

[dmo]

man youre one of the best at this i used to get distracted alot but this time i watched the whole 20 mins without blinking.

[canko]

We are blessed of being able to do this kind of things with language

[RabbitHorse]

TROPES
Similes
Metaphors
Catachresis
Personification
Metonymy
Synecdoche
Euphemism
Dysphemism
Onomatopeia
Pun
Substitutions
UNDER- and OVERstatements (Hyperbole)
Anthimeria
Periphrasis
Semantic Inversions
Oxymoron
Rhetorical Questions :
(anthyphora, eporia, epiplexis, erotema)
Litote (double negatives)

[sergeyfox]

Seeing this video, I see what my adoptive mom told me regarding my mechanical English. She told me I struggle with schemas and tropes, the things language users engage with to acquire abstract thought. Indeed, I am not very abstract in my English, where I can play with words and sentences to convey arguments, explanations, etc, so I don't typically achieve abstract thought with abstract language but concrete language.

It's strange, because I tend to see myself as an abstract thinker. However, it appears that my language comprehension is concrete, yet I've been able to create strategies to compensate for my concrete language comprehension that generally makes it challenging to achieve abstract thought, despite me finding the means to achieve abstract thought.

This video explains why I am a concrete language thinker with respect to English. I understand why my reading abilities are quite bad, and my writing abilities are likely not that great. Amazing I can even conceive abstract thought with how poor my language comprehension actually is.

[paulcummins]

This is brilliant. You are the best English teacher I have ever had.

[pinverarity]

A minor quibble with your equation of catachresis with mixed metaphor: I think of catachresis as more jarring, a ‘stronger’ trope with a more directly transgressive intent and effect, whereas mixed metaphor can happen by accident (sometimes to good effect!), when a person is scrambling in the moment to express what they mean.

[angeliemacaraeg]

I really learned a lot from your videos sir. Thank you so much. I hope that you can keep making informative/educational videos.

[doubleblack]

this is such a great video, one of the best ! very informative, full of important notes and also a great teacher . I am waiting for part 3 !

[neelhirlekar]

Now I know why I’m so great as Puns! My hometown is PUNE 🎉

[enderfeng]

I have a English exam on 20th and i gotta study hard! This Helped alot THANKS!

[prathameshhalade]

I am kinda lucky I found this channel... I always wished to learn language deeply but it hurts my med school schedule. But this lockdown is here to rescue me I guess XD

[l.williams]

So well done and comprehensive! It reminds me of PBS programming.

[wanderlust]

Love all the lessons. Thank you so much. I listen and watch also take notes.

[thestraightpath.]

Hi there, as a matter of fact, your video was pretty informative and useful. The way you gave this presentation was just impressive. Thank you a bunch for helping us understand these important concepts.You are an angel. (metaphor) hahahhhh