Cross Tabulation in R | Using the xtabs Function

This tutorial demonstrates how to perform cross tabulation in R using the xtabs function from base R, where cross-tabulation tables (i.e., contingency tables, cross tabs) display the frequencies (i.e., counts) of different combinations of categories/levels from two or more variables. Cross tabulation is a relatively simple process but serves as the foundation for the chi-square test of independence and allows for deriving insights through segmentation and understanding potential associations between categorical variables. Cross tabulation is often most useful when the variables involved have nominal or ordinal measurement scales.