DTC Audi P0412 Short Explanation

The video focuses on the basic Audi diagnostic error code.
Contents:
0:21 Basic DTC analysis according to OBD2 protocol standard.
1:48 Insight into programming
- an explanation of what a bit is and how a byte is formed
- decoding the Error Code to the base programming
2:58 A diagnostically understandable description of the Diagnostic Trouble Code
3:05 Basic error definition
- Possible causes or errors of the car and its parts describing the mentioned error

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Make:
Audi
Code:
P0412
Definition:
Secondary Air Injection Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
Description:
Engine started, battery voltage must be at least 11.5v, all electrical components must be off, parking brake must be engaged (to keep daytime driving lights off), automatic transmission selector must be in park and the ground between the engine and the chassis must be well connected. The ECM detected an unexpected low or high voltage condition on the AIR solenoid control circuit during testing.
Cause:
AIR solenoid power circuit (B+) is open (check dedicated fuse)
AIR bypass solenoid control circuit is open or shorted to ground
AIR diverter solenoid control circuit open or shorted to ground
AIR pump control circuit is open or shorted to ground
Check valve (one or more) is damaged or leaking
Solid State relay is damaged or it has failed
ECM has failed