The Quantum Hall Effect Explained #breakthroughjuniorchallenge

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My video is about understanding the landmark Physics discovery of the Quantum Hall Effect. While the application is in Physics, I also wanted to also capture role of the branch of mathematics – Topology - that enabled the pioneering work that led to the 2016 Nobel Prize.
I explained The Quantum Hall Effect which earned Von Klitzing a Nobel Prize in 1985 for his outstanding discovery that under very strong magnetic field, a 2D strip of metal displayed bizarre electrical behavior. The Hall Resistance went up in steps and plateaued before the next jump. These plateaus were ratios of a very precise unit – the Planck’s constant divided by the square of the charge of an electron. This precision to parts per billion was baffling, making the plateaus the straightest lines we know of. Indeed, this Von Klitzing constant is now used in metrology as the defining unit for electrical resistance.
Next, I by explained the concept of topology and topological invariants using donuts with different holes.
Thouless had taken a topological approach to explain the QHE. He mapped the wave function of the electrons and came up with the discovery that the “i” in the QH resistance formula was a topological invariant. This TKNN invariant was an integer and was named after the first letter of the four scientists who co – wrote the landmark paper in 1982.

Additional Resources:
The 2016 Nobel Prize Announcement Ceremony
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics - Professor Michael Fuhrer
Colloquium, November 12th, 2015 -- Shining Light on Topological Insulators

The famous paper on TKNN invariant:
Other References:

Music:
The Joint is Jumpin by Joel Cummins
Wolf Moon Unicorn Heads
Sound effects:
Nobel Prize 2016
Climbing graph #6
Magic SFX #15
Media:
Schrodinger's Cat:

#physics #breakthroughjuniorchallenge #science #schrodinger #nobelprize #quantum #quantumphysics