Надия апа & Равиль абый Nadija apa & Ravil abui Nellya II

the Tatars are the second largest ethnic group and the most numerous people of Muslim culture in the Russian Federation. Tatar ethnic group has a long and illustrious history is closely linked with the history of all the peoples of the Ural-Volga region and in the whole of Russia. The original culture of the Tatars became worthy of world culture and civilization. Traces of it are found in the traditions and language of Russian, mordvy, Mari, Udmurt, Bashkir, Chuvash, as well as Turkic, Finno-Ugric and Indo-Iranian peoples (Arabs, Slavs and others). Tatar blood in whole or in part flowed in the veins of Gabriel Derzhavina Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolai Karamzin, Denis Davydov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Ivan Turgenev, Alexander Kuprina, Anna Akhmatova. Part of the Russian historical tribal and aristocratic families is directly related to the transition to service Russian Tatars, including the Golden Horde. This Apraksins, Naryshkin, Yusupov, Arakcheevs, Kochubeys, Ogarkovo, Derzhavins, Turgenev, Rachmaninoff, OGAREVO, Ermolovs, Akhmatova, Karamzin, Tukhachevskogo Timiryazevo Sheremetevs, Ushakov Stroganoff. There are different interpretations of the ethnonym "Tatars". This question is very relevant now. Some researchers deduce the origin of the word "mountain people", where "tat" has the meaning "mountain" and "ar" - "resident", "man" (A.A.Suharev. Kazan Tatars. St. Petersburg, 1904, p. 22). Others - the etymology of the word "Tatars" to the ancient Greek "messenger" (NA Baskakov. Russian name of Turkic origin. Baku, 1992,). Renowned expert said D.E.Eremev origin of the word "Tatars" connects with the ancient Turkic word and people. The first component of the word "Tat" he associates with the name of the ancient Iranian people. In this case, it refers to information the ancient chronicler Mahmud of Kashgar that "Tats" Turks called those who spoke in Farsi, which is the Iranian language. The original meaning of the word "tat" was, most likely, "Persian", but then the word came to mean in Russia all Eastern and Asian nations (D.E.Eremeev. Semantics Turkic ethnonymy. - Sat "Ethnonyms." Moscow, 1970). Thus, the full transcript of the ethnonym "Tatars" still awaits its researchers. And, unfortunately, and now a well-established tradition of cargo, stereotypes about the Mongol-Tatar yoke causes most people to think badly distorted categories of Tatar history, their true origin of Tatar culture. According to the 1989 census, the territory of the USSR, lived about 7 million people. Of these, in the USSR - 5.5 million or 83.1% of the specified numbers, including Tatarstan - more than 1.76 million people (26.6%). At present Tatars make up slightly more than half the population of Tatarstan - their national republic. At the same time, the number living outside Tatarstan, Bashkortostan is -1.12 million, Udmurtia, Mordovia -110.5 million - 47.3 million of Mari El - 43.8 thousand, Chuvashia - 35.7 thousand In addition, the Tatars also live in areas of the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia. Tatars - one of the most mobile people. Because of the lack of land, crop failures at home and craving for traditional trade before 1917, they began to move in different regions of the Russian Empire, including the province of Central Russia, on the Donets Basin, Eastern Siberia and the Far East, the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia Central Asia and Kazakhstan. This migration process has increased during the years of Soviet rule, especially during the "great construction of socialism." Therefore, at the present time in Russia virtually no federal subject, wherever they lived Tatars. Back in the pre-revolutionary period were formed Tatar national communities in Finland, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and China. As a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union in the near abroad were Tatars living in the former Soviet republics - Uzbekistan (467.8 million), Kazakhstan (327.9 million), Tajikistan (72.2 million), Kyrgyzstan (70.5 thousand ), Turkmenistan (39.2 million), Azerbaijan (28 thousand), Ukraine. (86.9 million), the Baltic States (14 million). Already at the expense of re-emigrants from China. TURKEY and Finland since the mid XX century formed the national Tatar diaspora in the United States, Japan, Australia, and Sweden. According to many historians, the Tatar people with a common literary and practical common spoken language emerged in the period of the great Turkic state - the Golden Horde. Literary language in this country has been the so-called "Idel terkise" or Old Tatar, based on the Kipchak-Bulgar (Polovtsian) language and has incorporated elements of Central Asian literary languages. The modern literary language based on the average dialects emerged in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. In ancient Turkic ancestors of Tatars used runic writing, as evidenced by archaeological finds in the Middle Volga and Ural regions. Since the voluntary acceptance of Islam among the ancestors of the Tatars,