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Interface and cable issues |collisions, errors, duplex, speed mismatch| explained |CCNA 200-301
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In this session we will look at INterface and cable issues (collisions, errors, mismatch duplex, and/or speed) and more unusual cases in which the interface is working but not working well, as revealed by different interface status codes and statistics.
Cisco switches actually use two different sets of interface status codes—
one set of two codes (words) that use the same conventions as do router interface status codes,
and another set with a single code (word).
Both sets of status codes can determine whether an interface is working.
The switch show interfaces and show interfaces description commands list the two-code status named the line status and protocol status.
The line status generally refers to whether Layer 1 is working, with protocol status generally referring to whether Layer 2 is working.
the show interfaces status command lists a single-word state
The single-code interface status corresponds to different combinations of the traditional two-code interface status codes and can be easily correlated to those codes.
Such as connected state for working interfaces,
If you see the line status as admin down and protocol status as down or if the interface status is disabled then the likely cause is the shutdown command is configured under the interface.
If you see the line status as down and protocol status as down or if the interface status is not connect state then the likely cause is there is No cable; bad cable; wrong cable pinouts; speed mismatch; neighboring device is (a) powered off, (b) shutdown, or (c) error disabled.
If you see the line status as down and protocol status as down(err-disabled or if the interface status is err-disabled then the likely cause is the Port security has disabled the interface.
If you see the line status as up and protocol status as up or if the interface status is connected then the interface is working normal.
Next lets have a look at Interface Speed and Duplex Issues To understand some of the speed and duplex issues, lets have a look at the output from the show interfaces status and show interfaces commands
show interfaces status lists a one-line summary of the interface status and tells us more about auto-negotiation.
show interfaces gives many details but not much about autonegotiation
the show interfaces status command implies how the switch determined the speed and duplex settings.
The command output lists autonegotiated settings with a prefix of a-
and the manually set values without the a- prefix.
Some of the Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces
When the interface reaches the connect (up/up) state, the switch considers the interface to be working.
and at the same time, the switch keeps various interface counters.
These interface counters can help identify problems that can occur even though the interface is in a connect state, like issues related to the duplex mismatch problem
Whenever the physical transmission has problems, the receiving device might receive a frame whose bits have changed values.
Lets look at some of the known counters and errors in brief
Runts: are Frames that did not meet the minimum frame size requirement (64 bytes) and Can be caused by collisions.
Giants: are Frames that exceed the maximum frame size requirement (1518 bytes)
Input Errors: A total of many counters, including runts, giants, no buffer, CRC, frame, overrun, and ignored counts.
CRC: This counter increases if it Receives frame that did not pass the FCS math; can be caused by collisions.These frames do not pass the error detection logic as implemented in the FCS field in the Ethernet trailer,
Frame: This counter increase when it Receives frames that have an illegal format.Packets Output: this counter counts Total number of packets (frames) forwarded out the interface.
Output Errors: this counter counts Total number of packets (frames) that the switch port tried to transmit, but for which some problem occurred.
Collisions: this counter couts all collisions that occur when the interface is transmitting a frame.
Thats it for this session i hope this was helpful for you and please do feel free to ask any questions through email or comments.
In my next session we will have a discussion between TCP and UDP.
Thank you for watching please do like share and subscribe and hit the bell icon.
#ccna #interface #cable #issues
Cisco switches actually use two different sets of interface status codes—
one set of two codes (words) that use the same conventions as do router interface status codes,
and another set with a single code (word).
Both sets of status codes can determine whether an interface is working.
The switch show interfaces and show interfaces description commands list the two-code status named the line status and protocol status.
The line status generally refers to whether Layer 1 is working, with protocol status generally referring to whether Layer 2 is working.
the show interfaces status command lists a single-word state
The single-code interface status corresponds to different combinations of the traditional two-code interface status codes and can be easily correlated to those codes.
Such as connected state for working interfaces,
If you see the line status as admin down and protocol status as down or if the interface status is disabled then the likely cause is the shutdown command is configured under the interface.
If you see the line status as down and protocol status as down or if the interface status is not connect state then the likely cause is there is No cable; bad cable; wrong cable pinouts; speed mismatch; neighboring device is (a) powered off, (b) shutdown, or (c) error disabled.
If you see the line status as down and protocol status as down(err-disabled or if the interface status is err-disabled then the likely cause is the Port security has disabled the interface.
If you see the line status as up and protocol status as up or if the interface status is connected then the interface is working normal.
Next lets have a look at Interface Speed and Duplex Issues To understand some of the speed and duplex issues, lets have a look at the output from the show interfaces status and show interfaces commands
show interfaces status lists a one-line summary of the interface status and tells us more about auto-negotiation.
show interfaces gives many details but not much about autonegotiation
the show interfaces status command implies how the switch determined the speed and duplex settings.
The command output lists autonegotiated settings with a prefix of a-
and the manually set values without the a- prefix.
Some of the Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces
When the interface reaches the connect (up/up) state, the switch considers the interface to be working.
and at the same time, the switch keeps various interface counters.
These interface counters can help identify problems that can occur even though the interface is in a connect state, like issues related to the duplex mismatch problem
Whenever the physical transmission has problems, the receiving device might receive a frame whose bits have changed values.
Lets look at some of the known counters and errors in brief
Runts: are Frames that did not meet the minimum frame size requirement (64 bytes) and Can be caused by collisions.
Giants: are Frames that exceed the maximum frame size requirement (1518 bytes)
Input Errors: A total of many counters, including runts, giants, no buffer, CRC, frame, overrun, and ignored counts.
CRC: This counter increases if it Receives frame that did not pass the FCS math; can be caused by collisions.These frames do not pass the error detection logic as implemented in the FCS field in the Ethernet trailer,
Frame: This counter increase when it Receives frames that have an illegal format.Packets Output: this counter counts Total number of packets (frames) forwarded out the interface.
Output Errors: this counter counts Total number of packets (frames) that the switch port tried to transmit, but for which some problem occurred.
Collisions: this counter couts all collisions that occur when the interface is transmitting a frame.
Thats it for this session i hope this was helpful for you and please do feel free to ask any questions through email or comments.
In my next session we will have a discussion between TCP and UDP.
Thank you for watching please do like share and subscribe and hit the bell icon.
#ccna #interface #cable #issues
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