JAK-STAT Signalling Pathway

In this video we the JAK STAT Signalling pathway has been discussed.
The JAK-STAT Pathway is mediated via Cytokine signals. The JAK comes from Janus Kinase , where as the STAT is the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription.
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway transmits information from extracellular chemical signals to the nucleus resulting in DNA transcription and expression of genes involved in immunity, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenesis. The JAK-STAT signalling cascade consists of three main components: a cell surface receptor, a Janus kinase (JAK) and two Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins. Disrupted or dysregulated JAK-STAT functionality can result in immune deficiency syndromes and cancers.
The binding of various ligands, usually cytokines, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors to cell surface receptors, activate associated JAKs, increasing their kinase activity.Activated JAKs then phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptor, creating binding sites for proteins possessing SH2 domains. SH2 domain containing STATs are recruited to the receptor where they are also tyrosine-phosphorylated by JAKs. These activated STATs form hetero- or homodimers and translocate to the cell nucleus where they induce transcription of target genes. STATs may also be tyrosine-phosphorylated directly by receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as by non-receptor (cytoplasmic) tyrosine kinases such as c-src.

The pathway is negatively regulated on multiple levels. Protein tyrosine phosphatases remove phosphates from cytokine receptors and activated STATs. More recently identified suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) inhibit STAT phosphorylation by binding and inhibiting JAKs or competing with STATs for phosphotyrosine binding sites on cytokine receptors.[4] STATs are also negatively regulated by protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS), which act in the nucleus through several mechanisms.[5] For example, PIAS1 and PIAS3 inhibit transcriptional activation by STAT1 and STAT3, respectively by binding and blocking access to the DNA sequences they recognize.

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[taynishh]

Thank God I saw this video.... I thought I'd never be able to understand this pathway

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[anushkasupakar]

Amazing! Just to add that, the JAK and STAT types involved vary depending on the ligand that binds to the receptor.

[Xx-cuzm]

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