abc module in python

In Python, the abc module, which stands for Abstract Base Classes, provides a way to define abstract base classes. Abstract base classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and are meant to be subclassed by concrete classes. This module is particularly useful when you want to enforce a specific interface or a set of methods in your classes.
To use the abc module, you need to import it first. Let's start with a simple example:
Here, ABC is the base class for all abstract base classes, and abstractmethod is a decorator that is used to declare abstract methods within those classes.
Now, let's create an abstract base class called Shape with an abstract method area():
In this example, any class that inherits from Shape must provide an implementation for the area method. Attempting to instantiate a class without providing this implementation will result in a TypeError.
Let's create two concrete classes, Circle and Rectangle, that inherit from the abstract class Shape: