Chromosomes and Karyotypes

Explore chromosomes and karyotypes with the Amoeba Sisters! This video explains chromosome structure, how chromosomes are counted, why chromosomes are important, and how they can be arranged in a karyotype! This video also tackles a few misconceptions about how chromosomes.

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
1:15 What makes up a chromosome?
2:18 Understanding replicated vs. unreplicated chromosome
3:28 Introducing a Karyotype
4:01 Potential Misconception with Karyotype
5:28 XX and XY Chromosomes

* As we mention in our video about Punnett squares with sex-linked traits, we want to add this here too: there is more detail to sex determination than just sex chromosomes and more combinations possible than XX and XY combinations. We have some further reading links you can check out linked in the other video and we also want to paste in some of the examples from that description here:
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:

Vocabulary includes chromosome, centromere, sister chromatids, chromatin, nucleosome, haploid, diploid, homologous chromosomes, gametes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes!

Special thanks to Dr. Brian Davis for his expertise in verifying that a typical karyotype would show 2 chromatids per chromosome. (This has been a misconception we've seen in the classroom from many diagrams)

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TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal

[AmoebaSisters]

Other things to note: just as we mention in our video about Punnett squares with sex-linked traits, we want to add this here too: there is more detail to sex determination than just sex chromosomes and more combinations possible than XX and XY combinations. We have some further reading links you can check out linked in the other video and we also want to paste in some of the examples from that description here:
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:

We appreciate the comment that there was a point in the video where one of our chromosomes had sister chromatids that didn't match in our illustration! It has been corrected. (Sister chromatids should be identical)

[victoriaprince]

Amoeba sisters and crash course are literally the reason im making it through college!!

[mohamedmagdy]

I am a 5th year medical student .. karyotyping was always confusing me ..and i was so shy to ask my professors ...thank u for clarifying this

[tessa]

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[trentvarga]

When a 7-minute youtube video teaches you more than your teacher can in 50 minutes

[luxury_kingdom]

I've got to say...I began biology at the start of this year and absolutely dreaded it! Just recently I found the Amoeba Sisters and found biology more entertaining and found myself wanting to learn more. This channel has done a phenomenal job helping people understand complex studies and teaching in a family-friendly environment. Keep up the great work!

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My teacher makes his salary off these videos

[imlegit]

My teacher plays your videos in class whenever we start a new topic

[konkecele]

I really love how simplified yet accurate and fun these videos always are. Thank you.

[CanonShot]

I have a final today. These videos have helped me immensely to gain an idea of what’s going on, then my required readings make more sense than they would had I not found this channel. The drawings are also great. Thank you.

[Sky-rnkt]

I have been struggling with the whole cell phase in general and genetics with chromosomes and Karyotypes. Your videos have helped me so much this semester because you easily explain everything in a very simplistic way that makes sense and is clear to understand! I am so grateful for you guys, thank you so much for your amazing videos!

[teenangel]

Thank you! I ironically have my test on this in... about 40 minutes. Quick and easy to understand review! Life saver♡

[iffatjahan]

Thank you SOOO much for this!!! I have literally spend my entire life trying to figure out why two sister chromatids are still a chromosome, and you explained it so simply. These videos are the best!

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[ektalakhera]

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[rahoomaaa]

my teachers would explain this lesson in like 50 minutes. it's insane how you explained everything so well in just 7 minutes

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