Why Black Holes Break The Universe

Today we explore a problem that has haunted theoretical physicists for decades and remains a topic of active debate - do black holes destroy information? A key precept in quantum theory is that information should be conserved, yet anything that falls into a black hole is seemingly obliterated. How can we reconcile our theories of gravity with that of the quantum world? And could the answer transform the way we look at the Universe...

THANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, J. Smallbon, B. Reese, J. Yoder, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, M. Pittelli, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, R. Strain, B. Devermont, & Y. Muheim.

REFERENCES

MUSIC
2:51 Chris Zabriskie - We Were Never Meant to Live Here
9:33 Falls - Life in Binary
13:23 Falls - Ripley
17:06 Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Seven
19:11 Joachim Heinrich - Y
21:32 Indive - Halo Drive

CHAPTERS
0:00 Prologue
0:30 Black Holes 101
3:18 Storyblocks
4:30 Unitarity
6:19 Into the Black Hole
7:19 Hawking Radiation
9:33 Entanglement
11:29 The Paradox
13:56 Solutions
15:02 Holography
17:48 Concessions
19:11 Firewall
19:48 Conclusions
21:32 Outro & Credits

#BlackHoles #Cosmology #CoolWorlds

[Iamthelolrus]

Please don't break the universe, it's where I keep all my stuff.

[vespurrs]

My older brother is a physics professor. When we were growing up, he used to let me look through his telescope (the first time I ever saw Saturn was mind blowing!) while he would explain things about space and the universe using language and concepts that even my brain, with its woefully pitiful lack of mathematical understanding, could comprehend.

Long story short, I love these videos because they remind me so much of those nights during my childhood looking up at the sky with wonder while someone explains the universe to me. Thank you for that.

[HakunaMatata-osog]

Nothing is broken, our math describing what we see as reality is just incomplete. A deeper understanding will come in time. If you think about it, a black hole is the perfect place for our current models to expose their flaws, pointing the way to new knowledge. Its analogous to how Mercury's orbit helped point us towards GR from classical Newtonian physics.

[David_Last_Name]

Picard screaming "NOOO!!!" to a solution to the Fermi Paradox being aliens dont exist is probably the best summation of every discussion I've ever had with anyone about the Fermi Paradox. Kudos. :)

[TwoBs]

Videos like this makes me miss my high school teacher that taught my AP Physics and AP Chemistry classes. He was such a gem — my favorite all throughout my school years.

He took on teaching so many classes in high school (outside of the two I mentioned, he taught 9th, 10th, and 11th grade science classes, taught the Chemistry and Physics classes that weren’t AP, Biology, and even took on AP Calculus and AP Trigonometry classes when our teacher was out … we’d go to his room and he’d be our sub if he was free that class period for the days we had it). We were a school in a very rural area, so you can imagine how stretched thin things were, but he always did it with such enthusiasm.

He sparked my interest in space and always made me feel like I could learn and do anything.


He could spend the whole 50 mins discussing black holes. In fact, it became a running a joke that if we wanted a free period where no one did anything, all we had to do was ask “Mr. (his last name), I am still a bit confused about black holes, can we go over it again?” and there goes the whole period lol. He would immediately erase the blackboard and draw/write out everything. I fcking loved it.

I sat at a long table that was right in front of his desk with two of my friends. His desk was always messy and cluttered, full of books about physics and science-fiction novels. I was always in awe at how messy a teacher could be while knowing exactly where everything is lol. I had to take attendance for him one day as he prepped a lab, and I spent forever trying to find a pen due to how cluttered it all was. He kept telling me it was on the corner of the desk under a book, and I’m looking at his desk thinking. “Which corner? They’re all covered in papers and books.” and he starts moving around things to reveal one saying “See? I told you it was there.”



On my last day in high school, I wrote a note to him telling him how much I loved his classes, thanking him for having such an infectious way with how he talked about science that sparked my interest in the world beyond our planet. Even though my career path didn’t pan out, I hope he knew how much his teachings affected students like myself, because here I am almost 20 years later, and I still vividly recall his excitement when talking about space. I feel that same excitement. I tucked it under a stack of his books and don’t know if he ever found it, though.


… but your videos remind me of him a lot with how he discussed things. They reignite my interests. Of course, he was a bit louder, looked a lot like Santa Claus with his white beard, always wore a white button up and tie, and his actions were more along the lines of that meme from It’s Always Sunny where Charlie at the board with all the pins behaving all frantically, but it’s more so the topics and how you go about explaining things to ensure everyone can follow along that makes me think of him. You can tell you have a genuine passion for this and sharing your knowledge.



Thank you for your videos.

[antonnovosselov]

How did I end up here, I’m too stupid for this

[squoblat]

Ah, a physics video about my bank account

[meslud]

fun fact: in german, "Schwarzschild" actually means "black shield", so the Schwarzschild radius translates literally to "black shield radius", which seems somehow very appropriate.

[oshinoke_gc]

watching videos like these give me so much motivation to keep going in my PhD. i'm doing neuroscience and although it's not physics, i can definitely relate to that feeling of not knowing how to begin understanding the fundamental properties of what we're studying. the brain can sometimes feel like a black hole and i think that's pretty terrifying, but cool at the same time

thanks for the video

[sinisterknight]

The end “Who knew researching something so dark, could be so enlightening”. You almost had it!

[orbitalharmony]

Maybe this is the answer to the Fermi Paradox. The best minds of every civilization waste so much time pondering blackhole conundrums they never get round to deflecting the asteroid.

[sndrome]

I always imagined blackholes as some type of logical glitch in the universe that "crashes" a part of reality like how a game would crash

[LordHog]

I always love listening to your videos. I can’t fully comprehend all the information, but it is so fascinating

[DaveGrimes-is]

This was an AMAZING description and explanation of several elements about black holes that never made sense to me. This is the power of a great teacher and communicator. Thank you

[DavidRexGlenn]

Black holes are where all the missing socks are

[Tony-dprl]

I love how much science can be built on top of math involving mass, without us having the slightest idea what mass is. Amazing to me.

[DS-bmes]

Using pine cones to describe particle spin....there's a first time for everything!! Your video's break my brain, but they are purely amazing at describing complex concepts. Thank you!!

[robbierobinson]

Your video explained a number of things that I never understood but now you have given me a number of new things that are fascinating and mind-expanding to think about. You very neatly used examples of discarding assumptions when the answers are incompatible or incomplete. Live presentation of high science outdoors and using two pine cones was wonderfully refreshing and a really cool way of illustrating entanglement.

[beskamir]

I had doubts you were in an actual forest until you pulled out pine cone electrons. It's really impressive how comprehensive you can make complex topics like this.

[Kossimer]

That clip of Picard at 11:45 had me in tears! Thanks for the best laugh of 2024!