potentiometer class 12 by hassan fareed || hassan fareed physics lectures

potentiometer class 12 by hassan fareed

A potentiometer, often referred to as a "pot," is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It is a widely used electronic component for various applications, including controlling the volume on audio equipment, adjusting brightness on a display, and as a variable resistor in electronic circuits.

Here are some key points about potentiometers:

1. **Three Terminals:** Potentiometers have three terminals - two outer terminals and one center terminal. The two outer terminals are connected to a fixed resistance, and the center terminal is connected to a movable contact, usually a wiper.

2. **Variable Resistor:** The potentiometer acts as a variable resistor. By turning the knob or sliding the wiper, you can change the resistance between the center terminal and either of the outer terminals. This variation in resistance can be used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit.

3. **Voltage Divider:** When used in a voltage divider configuration, the potentiometer allows you to obtain a variable voltage output between the fixed voltage applied across the two outer terminals. The voltage at the center terminal (wiper) is a fraction of the total voltage, determined by the position of the wiper.

4. **Applications:**
- **Volume Control:** In audio equipment, potentiometers are often used to control the volume.
- **Brightness Control:** In displays or lighting systems, potentiometers can adjust brightness.
- **Sensor Calibration:** Potentiometers are used in sensors to calibrate or adjust sensitivity.
- **Circuit Tuning:** Potentiometers are used for fine-tuning electronic circuits.

5. **Linear vs. Logarithmic (Audio) Potentiometers:** Potentiometers come in two main types - linear and logarithmic (also known as audio taper). Linear potentiometers provide a linear change in resistance with respect to the knob position, while logarithmic potentiometers are designed to match the way human ears perceive changes in volume.

6. **Symbol:** The symbol for a potentiometer in a circuit diagram is a resistor with an arrow pointing at the center, indicating the adjustable wiper.

Potentiometers are versatile components and play a crucial role in electronics for controlling and adjusting electrical parameters in various applications.

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