#970 Pedro Magalhães: Democracia e Participação Política em Portugal

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RECORDED ON JULY 2nd 2024.
THIS INTERVIEW IS IN PORTUGUESE.
O Dr. Pedro Magalhães é Investigador Coordenador do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. É licenciado em Sociologia pelo ISCTE e doutor em Ciência Política pela Ohio State University. Foi diretor do Centro de Estudos e Sondagens de Opinião da Universidade Católica Portuguesa entre 2005 e 2009. Faz investigação na área da opinião pública, atitudes e comportamentos políticos e instituições políticas e judiciais.

Neste episódio, começamos por falar de como se define democracia. Discutimos a relação entre estatuto socioeconómico e apoio ao status quo, assim como a relação entre desigualdade económica e apoio à democracia liberal. Falamos também do problema da polarização ideológica. De seguida, abordamos vários aspetos da democracia em Portugal, incluindo o processo de democratização após o 25 de abril, a importância da separação de poderes, contrapesos à ação governativa em Portugal, e os sistemas eleitoral e partidário em Portugal. Falamos também diferenças geracionais na participação política, assim como de diferenças de valores entre homens e mulheres jovens. Por fim, discutimos alguns dos valores culturais em Portugal e a relação entre valores culturais e atitudes políticas.

Time Links:
00:00 Intro
00:56 O que é democracia?
10:14 Estatuto socioeconómico e apoio ao status quo
21:15 Desigualdade económica e apoio à democracia liberal
26:22 Polarização ideológica
32:08 Como ocorreu a democratização de Portugal
36:45 Importância da separação de poderes
42:39 Contrapesos à ação governativa em Portugal
48:04 Sistema eleitoral português
1:00:35 É melhor haver mais ou menos partidos políticos?
1:10:25 Diferenças geracionais na participação política
1:15:39 Diferenças de valores entre homens e mulheres jovens
1:24:42 Valores culturais e atitudes políticas
1:34:30 Sigam o trabalho do Dr. Magalhães!
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Sigam o trabalho do Dr. Magalhães:
Twitter handle: @PCMagalhaes
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#TheDissenter #PedroMagalhaes #Politics

[juanm]

58:00 Em Espanha, 100 dos 350 deputados são distribuídos não de forma proporcional à população: cada uma das 50 províncias tem um mínimo de 2 deputados (além de Ceuta e de Melilla, com um cada uma). Soria passou de três a dois deputados. Têm três deputados as provincias (círculos) de Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, provincia Segovia, Teruel e Zamora, com o resultado de que nessas provincias chega 22.000 eleitores para eleger um deputado, enquanto nas províncias de Madrid e de Barcelona precisam-se 100.000 eleitores. Além do Congreso de Diputados há um Senado onde cada provincia escolhe 4 senadores (Soria e Teruel os mesmos que Madrid e Barcelona).

Porém, a sensação de abandono em Soria e em Teruel é a mesma que en Portalegre...

[juanm]

Muito obrigado. Achei muito interessante a parte final 1:25:00 sobre a desigualdade social pelas diferenças no consumo de cultura (frequência de atividades culturais). Vou procurar o estudo que compara os jovens espanhóis e os portugueses. Também sobre o começou da democracia em Portugal, esperava do sociólogo umas considerações sobre 1910 e a Primeira República (em Espanha eu teria respondido, como formado em História, que começou no período do Sexenio Democrático 1868-1874 e continuou com a II República 1931-1936/39).

[aminam]

I do not speak Portuguese and there is no translation, but: Making one country’s currency the reference for international trade and commercial and financial transactions (the control of one country’s currency over the global financial system), where many countries take the dollar as a balance, with or without gold, means that all countries have become part of The financial system of the country that owns the dominant currency, and the currency of the dominant country reaps profits through those financial transactions, and the dollar is printed based on global demand (the global market currency).

[aminam]

To summarize: The dominant currency in the international financial system has become part of the economies of the countries of the world, and the dominant currency is printed based on global demand, based on the economies of the countries of the world and not based on the economies of the country that owns that currency!
This makes it easy for the country with the dominant currency (the currency that corresponds to international trade) to manipulate the global financial system.

[aminam]

The topic of the video is about politics, not economics, but the two topics are related to each other.

[juanm]

Gostaria ouvir reflexões sobre a figura institucional do presidente da República. Achei surpreendente e abusivo seu poder para dissolver uma Assembleia da República que tinha maioria para dar estabilidade a um governo de Mario Centeno por mais três anos ; o PR achou que ganharia influencia com uma nova AR e um governo fraco em minoria. A II República Espanhola dava ao novo parlamento a possibilidade de derrubar um PR que dissolveu duas vezes (o que aconteceu em 1936).

[aminam]

This is easy to understand but very important: politics (governments) represent individuals and economics represents business dealings between individuals regulated by the domestic law of those countries. But the problem lies in the lack of civility at the level of international dealings, where the law of the jungle prevails, and the Security Council is one example of the law of the jungle and the absence of fair law. To concise, what is called politics is just pure animal meanness, and this is the reason for the decadence and lack of civilization in the way countries deal with each other, in contrast to the dealings of individuals in a civilized society.

[aminam]

There is an important question: If the dollar represents the currency of a specific country, then why do countries keep it as an alternative to gold or similar to the value of gold even though that is not possible? Because the economies of those countries have become part of the financial system of the country that has the dominant currency in the global financial system without realizing it! The dollar no longer represents the true value of that country's economy, but rather represents the economies of most countries in the world. One country has taken control and reaped profits while the rest of the countries unable to realise what is happening.

[aminam]

in general human logic targets the least action (more effective, less energy, quicker, …. etc), but that is not always the case, for instance some animals don’t do that to Exhaust their predators, dodging, …. etc

[aminam]

This highly important too: What is called entanglement has a direct relationship to the fact that this universe was built on the basis of a one, indivisible unit, and the reason for the absence of the concept of time is the failure to understand that time is a process and not a dimension or an absolute thing, I know that many irrational thieves already have stolen and polluted that too but they are not able to comprehend what they have stolen and polluted (theft can’t make mind) and for this reason future generations of humans must connect both levels ( The cosmic level and the subatomic level) because they are closely linked (the current concept of space and time is incorrect). This will take a few hundred years by real physicists and not just pseudoscientists practicing theft as is the case currently. they will need to get deep understanding of the units and their interrelationships and the deep meaning of constants and how some constants played a role in the current concepts of infinity, .. etc

[aminam]

Try to think a little: why extremism, tribalism, and populism... Etc. moved to to express itself on the top of the power pyramid in societies that claim to be civilised countries ?

[aminam]

This may be more clear: humans did not civilize at the level of the hierarchy of power. Humans civilized relatively through the establishment of states in the modern sense (locally), but fanaticism, tribalism, populism, etc., in countries that claim to have become civilized countries have moved to represent the pyramid of power and This is one of the reasons for what is happening recently in many countries. Bottom line: Because of what was mentioned above, the uncivilized world is dominated by the law of the jungle, where mind, humanity, and human civilization disappear, and backwardness, decadence, and the law of the jungle prevail.

[aminam]

It is possible for the state to compensate citizens for losses based on the re-revaluation of the local currency in the event of an economic and financial crisis, but is it possible for this to take place in the case of the dollar (foreign currency)! It is not possible to re-evaluate locally based on a foreign currency! Because that country is not the one that prints the dollar and determines its value. It is assumed that there is an international currency that does not belong to a specific country and whose value is agreed upon by all countries.

[aminam]

It is better to represent countries with members of society, commercial and financial transactions between countries with individuals’ commercial and financial deals, and the difference between local law in a civilized country and the law of the jungle that prevails over politics and international commercial and financial transactions.

[aminam]

There is no such thing as humans returning from the future (time travel to the past) because time is just a process and not a dimension or an absolute thing as it is promoted in current physics books. It is possible to predict the future with a high degree of accuracy through the second cycle, but it is not possible to travel through time to the past (the past is just a record that can be consulted and its details can be known through the second cycle, but it is not possible to travel to the past).

[aminam]

“Our Culture is Killing Us | Gabor Mate on the Myth that is our "Normal" Culture (Part 1)
how to ACADEMY”, he belongs to Juju ! he steals with his son, Juju is the people of the gods, the pimps are watching and mentioning the name of their gods is forbidden.