Reactions to the Industrial Economy [AP World History] Unit 5 Topic 8 (5.8)

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In this video Heimler reviews various and sundry different reactions to the spread of industrialization. A major bout of resistance came from the factory workers themselves. After years of dangerous working conditions and squalid tenement living, they began to organize themselves into labor unions in order to fight for their rights as workers.

In the Ottoman Empire the Tanzimat reforms made gains in industrializing the empire. However, with the rise of Sultan Abdul Hamid, many of the reforms were stunted. Partly this was because groups like the Young Turks agitated for more reform than Hamid was comfortable with. Additionally he silenced the call from the Armenians for reform by persecuting them.

In the Qing Dynasty, the fires of reform were lit after their defeat in the Sino-Japanese conflict. Conservatives like Dowager Cixi opposed such reforms, especially the rejection of the ancient Civil Service Examination.

All of this corresponds to Unit 5 topic 8 (5.8) of the AP World History curriculum. If you have any questions, leave them in the comments and Heimler will answer them forthwithly.

[hitheresir]

Heimler I want to take a minute and say thank you so much for making student's dreams for passing APWH so much easier. I love that you made this youtube channel that gives us themes, context, and etc, and I also love the humor and passion you put in your videos. Thank you so much

[ratlily]

Time Stamps for Important Stuff:
(You can also *loosely* structure some quick notes like this)

-Industrial Workers Resistance: 0:28
-Tenements: 1:05
-Labor Unions + they're reforms: 1:20
-What they won: 1:36
-Pushing for further societal reforms/franchise: 1:50
-Child Labor: 2:14
-Mandatory Education: 3:07
-Thinky-thinky people's Resistance: 3:24
-Consequences of free-market economics (What it lead to and what did the thinky-thinky people did?) : 3:33
-John Stuart Mill: 3:54
-Utilitarianism: 4:19
-Karl Marx: 4:37
-Bourgeoise and Proletariat: 4:42
-Communist Manifesto: 5:08
-Scientific Socialism: 5:18
-Communism (what would it do to social classes?): 5:23
-Ottoman Response to Industrialization: 5:32
-Tanzimat: 5:51
-Abdul Hamid: 6:23
-Young Turks: 6:41
-Armenian Genocide: 6:52
-China's Response: 7:05
-Self-Strengthening movement: 7:22
-Sino-Japanese War: 7:45
-Hundred Days of Reform: 7:51
-Resistance -> conservative powers: 8:11
-Result: 8:32

*If this gets to enough likes all add some notes about continuity and change*
Hope this helps, and good luck on your AP exams :)

[dylankawana]

Bro why do I learn more in a 9 minute video, than a entire period??!!?

[Atorbmain]

3:10

I dunno Heimler, a coal mine does sound pretty good right now....

[omarakhter]

Heimler is a literal unit, hes that one guy that makes dad jokes but theyre actually funny. Keep up the good stuff man!

[eclipse]

I have a midterm tomorrow, Hiemler. This is amazing you awesomely timed the end of Unit 5. The cram course is really awesome as well as it serves as an awesome study guide. Yes, school can be really hard and your videos are really informative.

[kreativeblast]

i literally have my test tomorrow, great for review

[musicbot]

if you turn on captions at the very start it says "hey and welcome back to homeless history". Also thank you for making videos like these. You're the only hope i have left in this class! LOVE U

[Sarah-hlnl]

my notes:

first manifestation of resistance to industrialization came from the industrial workers
Factory work was dangerous work.
The air inside was stuffy and sickness spread easily
no safety regulations protecting workers from exposed machinery
result of this people lost fingers and arms, and there’s one story about a woman whose long hair got caught in the machinery and she was scalped.
got paid next to nothing because the work they offered required no skill and there was a whole line of people who were unemployed who were ready to take your place if you got discontent
Went home to slums and squalid living conditions and packed themselves so tightly into these new kinds of living spaces called tenements
no internal plumbing and people lived so closely together, disease spread like mad among tenement dwellers
Labor unions (resistance): an organized collective of workers who used their combined voice to bargain for reform
labor unions did not go unopposed, but they were powerful enough to win the following reforms: five day work week, limits on the number of hours worked, and minimum wage laws
folks in these labor unions began to realize that they had power in their voice, they assumed that that power could be applied to other areas. so labor unions begin to push for further societal reform, like the right to vote
example, in Britain you had to own property to vote, and under the influence of labor unions, this requirement was reduced
1918 the franchise was extended to all men regardless of property holding, and ten years later it was extended to all women
Child labor
factory workers loved employing children because they were small and they could pay them a tenth of what they paid a full-grown man
children spend 12-14 hours a day in a factory, they developed physical deformities and in some cases deadly sickness
1843 a law was passed in the United States that made it illegal for children under 10 to work in coal mines
Mandatory education (parents in factories and unemployed children running around on the streets causing trouble)

Free Market Economics (outlined in Adam Smith’s book The Wealth of Nations)
led to the rise of multinational corporations and all sorts of applications that were well beyond Smith’s original idea
different thinkers began to criticize this idea and then openly offer their own remedies
John Stuart Mill (philosopher) criticized capitalism bc it was a selfish system
In capitalism, everyone is out for their own benefit, and Smith argued that if we left them alone in that endeavor, on the whole, individual people would make decisions good for the whole
But John Stuart Mill looked around and saw that people’s self interest, especially self interest of the factory owners was causing an untold amount of harm to the people who were doing the work
Offered dif solution, utilitarianism (argued that every individual action ought to be carried out for the happiness of the whole, rather than the happiness of the individual)
To Mills, the free market had abused workers and therefore a new mindset was required to correct those abuses
Karl Marx
society was basically divided in two.
At the top you had the bourgeoisie, and these were the folks who owned the means of production like factories
Under them were the proletariat/working class. folks who provided the work for the factories
Marx’s complaint was that the free market had led to the happiness and flourishing of the bourgeoisie, but to the misery of the proletariat
Outlined his solution in the Communist Manifesto
argued that it was the workers that ought to own the means of production, and by consequence share the wealth among them equally (Scientific socialism but end goal was communism: all social classes would be erased from society and everyone would be equal)

Response to industrialization
Ottomans
1808 when Sultan Mahmud II rose to power, he embarked on a large scale overhaul of the Ottoman state with respect to industrialization
Mahmud oversaw major reforms in the Ottoman society like the abolition of the feudal system, the building of an extensive network of roads, and the establishment of a postal service
his sons continued Mahmud’s reforms under a program called Tanzimat
in this phase of the reform movement, the Ottoman legal system was updated to include equality for all before the law
worked hard to root out long-standing corruption in the government
created secular schools for children, which was a big deal bc prior to this education was handled by the ulama, which is to say, the Islamic scholars of the Ottoman Empire
after the Ottoman society had largely been remade in the image of the Tanzimat reforms, a new sultan rose to power in 1876, namely Abdul Hamid.
At the beginning of his rule he was favorable to the reforms, but that did not last
Hamid feared the more radical reformers, Young Turks
Saying abt need to replace monarchy w constitutional gov.
So he drove them into exile
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire called out for reform as well, and Hamid responded by the systematic persecution and massacre of untold numbers of them
China
Qing held power
realized that their future as an independent China rested squarely on a strong economic capacity (had to modernize)
Self-Strengthening movement (similar to Japan): did it to preserve their culture from any further Western encroachment. While upholding their traditional Confucian values and the power of the Qing dynastic rule, really all they wanted from the barbarian westerners was solid ships and powerful guns
reforms largely failed and the efforts were abandoned
few years later starting in 1894, the Japanese defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War
Result, China’s impulse for reform was rekindled, and they put in place the Hundred Days of Reform
abolished the Civil Service Examination
created industrial and commercial systems patterned on Western institutions so that they could compete with western economies
Resistance to reform
Conservative powers like the Empress Dowager Cixi didn’t like the casting off of 2500 years of tradition in the Civil Service Exam and hated the idea of China adopting western technology (used all her power to resist reforms) *saw all corruption in civil service exam and gave way
result of all of this back and forth is that China, weakened by internal rebellion, accepted help from western powers to modernize in exchange for exclusive trading rights in different parts of China
Accepting help = total economic domination and servitude

[cattrickie]

shouldn't child labor laws apply to school? like, my teacher gave us an essay, 20 flashcards, and notes on 3 chapters to do in one weekend. sounds like child labor to me

[inkedaurora]

"Take heart, at least you're not in a coal mine."
Thank you Heimler. This is exactly what I needed to hear the night before the worst day of my life. (my first AP exam...)

[mabeline.]

I love these short under 10 minute videos a lot. Sometimes I don't have that much time but want to catch up for AP World. Although, have you considered doing around 20 minute videos or just going into depth more. I think you could have the main videos for each part of the lesson(like this video) and have sub videos that go into a little more depth. Just a suggestion, but thank you so much, my AP World teacher is great but you are 5 times better. -Cooper

[xpext]

I got to respect, this guy helped me get a 94 on my unit 5 test :)

[jaydenjones]

This is so amazing and helpful. This makes it so much easier to process and understand the units and to get notes done in a better and more organized fashion. THANK YOU HEIMLER!! 🎉❤

[kelreneegranger]

Thanks so much for this. Midterm tomorrow and I have high hopes because of you!!

[pandatea]

Hey we just did this today! Thank you kind sir for these videos, they help me understand the material way more than an hour of lecture tbh

[FortniteClips-cebo]

you are a literal god. Im so thankful for these because my AP World classes are so boring and I learn nothing, and I learn nothing, but she assigns you for homework, where I learn all of my information for the lesson. I have gotten an A in the first 2 quarters of the year and a B on my midterm all thanks to you.

[tippy_ibss]

Bro when the unit 6 coming out I love these videos

[Nthryy]

Going to buy the ultimate review packet and I’m pretty sure it’ll help turn my low B to a high A

[torpedokings]

"Can I get an extra point on my grade? It's at
My teacher: 0:53