How to Fix ReferenceError: document is not defined in Node.js, Express, D3, and EJS

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Understanding the Error

Why This Happens

Use Cases

Resolving the Issue

Here are ways to manage or avoid this error:

Differentiating Server-Side and Client-Side Code

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Using EJS Templates Appropriately

When working with EJS (Embedded JavaScript templates), ensure that scripts interacting with the DOM are enclosed in <script> tags and are executed on the client-side only.

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Using Server-Side Rendering Appropriately

For operations that need server-side rendering, such as preparing data, ensure these are done entirely server-side, without involving any direct DOM manipulation.

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Conclusion