add element to list by index in python

## Adding Elements to a List by Index in Python: A Comprehensive Tutorial

Lists in Python are powerful and versatile data structures. They are ordered, mutable, and can contain a mix of different data types. One common operation you'll perform with lists is adding elements, and sometimes you'll need to add them at a specific position within the list. This tutorial will delve into different methods for adding elements to a list by index, exploring their nuances, use cases, and potential pitfalls.

**Understanding the `insert()` Method: The Primary Tool**

The most direct and recommended way to add an element to a list at a specific index is using the `insert()` method. Let's break down its syntax and behavior:

* **`list`:** The list you want to modify.
* **`index`:** The position where you want to insert the `element`. Crucially, the existing element at this index (and all subsequent elements) will be shifted *to the right* to make space for the new element.
* **`element`:** The value you want to insert into the list. This can be any valid Python object (number, string, another list, etc.).

**Example:**

In this example, the value `10` is inserted at index 2. The original value at index 2 (which was `3`) and all elements following it are shifted one position to the right.

**Key Characteristics of `insert()`:**

1. **Shifting Elements:** As demonstrated above, `insert()` does *not* replace the existing element at the given index. Instead, it moves that element (and all subsequent ones) to higher indices, making room for the new element.

2. **Index Considerations:**

* **Negative Indices:** Negative indices are allowed and are interpreted relative to the end of the list.
* `insert(-1, value)`: Inserts the element *before* the last element.
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