Bitwise operators in python part 1

### tutorial on bitwise operators in python (part 1)

bitwise operators are used to perform operations on binary numbers at the bit level. in python, the following bitwise operators are available:

1. **and (`&`)**
2. **or (`|`)**
3. **xor (`^`)**
4. **not (`~`)**
5. **left shift (``)**
6. **right shift (``)**

each operator operates on the binary representation of integers. let's dive into each of these operators with explanations and examples.

#### 1. bitwise and (`&`)

the and operator compares each bit of two numbers; if both bits are 1, the resulting bit is 1. otherwise, it is 0.

**example:**

**output:**

#### 2. bitwise or (`|`)

the or operator compares each bit of two numbers; if at least one of the bits is 1, the resulting bit is 1.

**example:**

**output:**

#### 3. bitwise xor (`^`)

the xor operator compares each bit of two numbers; if the bits are different, the resulting bit is 1. if they are the same, the resulting bit is 0.

**example:**

**output:**

#### 4. bitwise not (`~`)

the not operator inverts the bits of the number. it changes all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s. in python, this operation yields the negative value of the number plus one (due to two's complement representation).

**example:**

**output:**

### summary

in this part of the tutorial, we covered the first four bitwise operators in python: and, or, xor, and not. these operators are fundamental when working with binary data, performing low-level data manipulation, and optimizing certain algorithms.

in the next part, we'll explore the left shift and right shift operators, which are used for bit manipulation in terms of shifting bits to the left or right.

stay tuned for part 2 where we will continue our exploration of bitwise operators!

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