Virology Lectures 2021 #13 - Intrinsic and Innate Defenses

The host maintains multiple layers of defense against viruses, including chemical and physical defenses such as skin and mucus; intrinsic defenses (always present in the cell), and then innate defenses (which must be induced by infection). Both are highly effective antiviral systems, but are antagonized by many different viral proteins, one reason why viruses are successful at being maintained in populations.

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– Who Am I? –

I’m Vincent Racaniello, Earth’s Virology Professor.

I’m also a professor of virology at Columbia University in New York. I’ve been doing research on viruses since 1976, and teaching virology in classrooms and online since 1999. On this YouTube channel I share videos of my lectures, podcasts, and more.

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#virology #viruses #coronavirus #pandemic
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[LawpickingLocksmith]

Vincent needs an award for all his useful work!

[TheButterflyGirl]

Thank you for providing these excellent lectures, I have learned so much. :)

[alexeykaretnikov]

Vincent, for your slide at about 45:40: HIV-1 Nef is not an antagonist of human tetherin. Human tetherin is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Also, the name of human tetherin is CD317. not CD137.

[ashirahelat]

A gift from the goddesses
So much great information

[PhysicsNative]

This is the best lecture so far, aside from the three on RNA synthesis, transcription and processing. We can study the details of RNA viruses all we like, but the immune system response is of key importance, especially the dynamic responses, which are not discussed much here. As you state, many response systems are not well understood, with respect to attachment and entry but also transcription. Why not? The CRISPR story is revealing: the researcher that discovered this natural process was overlooked by the Nobel committee, instead given to those that modified the process for gene editing, I.e., a money making enterprise. This is wrong.

[jonscott]

Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency = SCID, Alveolar Proteinosis, Vasculitis. It is located on membrane by hypoxia-induced DPP4/CD26 T-cell activator. DPP4 catabolises Neuropeptide Y which activates mast cells. It is also a MERS & SARS receptor candidate and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. I emailed you Vincent

[anthonyroberson]

My only question is if your body repairs the DNA strand of the virus, for lack of a better word when we have a super virus

[yengsabio]

Das var ya tol. I think that's how it's pronounced. But I'm not 100% sure though!

Anyway, thank you for sharing your lectures, Dr. Vincent! Lots'a love, cheers, & Mabuhay, from tropical Philippines!

[wintersong]

I noticed you've started pronouncing apoptosis differently since that person emailed in with the correct pronunciation! Amazing :D

[littlekitties]

What an exhausting arms race...but a great lecture! Thank you!

[michalchik]

As a neuroscientist I have to say he left out an import class of defenses that comes before all others.

Behavioral.

Many animals include us, have avoidance of sick appearing animals (rashes, vomiting, runny noses) and modes of transmission, blood spit feces, vermin and parasites like mosquitos. We are selective about behaviors like licking kissing and sex and have hygiene behaviors.

[jean-marclasalarie]

you are even more brilliant than the viruses

[thismoment]

Wow! My adrenaline was pumping too ... from the dining room table where I was watching this video!

[streitrat]

"And ends up killing itself"...you've just described MS!

[quagapp]

If the retrovirus is silenced & compacted does it then use "integrase" to integrate into the say human DNA? Does this always happen. Being compacted might mean many viruses are stopped. But is it only RNA that integrates? In anycase does silencing last? I suppose apoptosis could occur if the virus tries to get out?