Number of Special Characters #interviewquestions #pythoninterviewquestions #dataengineers #faang

Python Question 79: Number of Special Characters

Video 233: In this video, we are going to find the number of special characters in a given string.

We are given a string and asked to find the number of special letters in the word. A letter is called special if it appears both in lowercase and uppercase in word.

In this video, we consider two scenarios to address

*** Scenario 1: Consider only distinct pairs ***
In this scenario, we're tasked with counting the distinct pairs of special characters in a word. Special characters are those that appear both in lowercase and uppercase forms within the word. To achieve this, we utilize sets to keep track of lowercase and uppercase characters separately. We iterate through the word, adding lowercase characters to the lowercase set. Then, we iterate again, checking if an uppercase character has a corresponding lowercase character in the lowercase set. If it does, and it hasn't been counted before, we increment our count. This approach ensures that each pair is counted only once, resulting in the count of distinct pairs of special characters.

*** Scenario 2: Consider Duplicate pairs ***
In this scenario, we expand our scope to count duplicate pairs of special characters. The process is similar to Scenario 1, with one key difference: instead of using sets to keep track of lowercase and uppercase characters separately, we use a list to keep track of lowercase characters. This allows us to handle duplicate pairs by removing the lowercase character from the list once it's been paired with its corresponding uppercase character. As a result, we count each pair, even if it appears multiple times in the word.

These two scenarios demonstrate different approaches to solving the problem of counting special character pairs in a word. Whether you need to consider only distinct pairs or account for duplicates, these Python solutions provide efficient and effective methods to tackle the task.

For a comprehensive understanding and practical demonstration, be sure to watch the entire video. Happy coding!

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